Interdecadal variability in the North Pacific region is investigated in a 500-y control integration of the Hamburg ECHAMcLSG coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. The spectrum is predominantly red, but a significant peak with a period of about 18 y is detected in the spectrum of sea surface temperature (SST). This peak is shown to be associated with an irregular oscillation that i...

[1] Phytoplankton alter the absorption of solar radiation, affecting upper ocean temperature and circulation. These changes, in turn, influence the atmosphere through modification of the sea surface temperature (SST). To investigate the effects of the present-day phytoplankton concentration on the atmosphere, an atmospheric general circulation model was forced by SST changes due to phytoplankto...

[1] We present the evolution of oceanographic conditions off the western coast of South America between 1996 and 1999, including the cold periods of 1996 and 1998–1999 and the 1997–1998 El Niño, using satellite observations of sea level, winds, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll concentration. Following a period of cold SST and low sea levels in 1996, both were anomalously high betw...

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) has pronounced influences on weather and climate across the globe. This study provides a direct comparison of the observed AMO-related surface temperature and precipitation anomalies to those simulated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. It is found that the model-simulated AMO-related features are obscured by the glob...

A set of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments under idealized conditions is performed to investigate atmospheric response to surface boundary forcing by tropical sea surface temperature (SST), extratropical land-sea contrast, and large-scale orography. Stationary eddies forced by the extratropical land-sea distribution are strongest in the high latitudes, where their amplitu...

MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on board TERRA weekly composite mean products of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a, and modeled ocean net primary productivity with a spatial resolution of 4.63 km and altimeter derived sea surface height (SSH) data are used to study the changes in the primary productivity (PP) induced by the November-December 2000 tropical cyc...

predicting the quality of water and air is a particular challenge for forecasting systems that support them. in order to represent the small-scale phenomena, a high-resolution model needs accurate capture of air and sea circulations, significant for forecasting environmental pollution. data assimilation is one of the state of the art methods to be used for this purpose. due to the importance of...

A single column model (SCM) version of the HadGEM1 is run in weak temperature gradient (WTG) mode, assuming a free-tropospheric temperature profile obtained from the same single column model in radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) over a sea surface temperature (SST) of 301K. The resulting quasi-steady solutions are compared with climate statistics from time-dependent solutions of the full 3D...

Contrary to our conclusions, Ravelo et al. argue that our TEX86-based sea surface temperature (SST) records do not conflict with the supposition of "permanent El Niño-like" conditions during the early Pliocene. We show that the way Ravelo et al. treat the existing temperature data perpetuates an inaccurate impression of cooler Pacific warm-pool SSTs and low equatorial temperature gradients in t...

52 abSTr acT. Satellite observations have revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and surface winds on oceanic mesoscales of 10–1000 km. Although SST influence on the atmosphere had previously been identified from several in situ observational studies, its widespread existence in regions of strong SST gradients throughout the world's ocean and the...