Although it is now well-established that boundary elements/insulators function to subdivide eukaryotic chromosomes into autonomous regulatory domains, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. One idea is that boundaries act as barriers, preventing the processive spreading of "active" or "silenced" chromatin between domains. Another is that the partitioning into autonomous functional units is a...

Our ultimate goal of in vitro derivation of Schwann cells (SCs) from adult bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is such that they may be used autologously to assist post-traumatic nerve regeneration. Existing protocols for derivation of SC-like cells from BMSCs fall short in the stability of the acquired phenotype and the functional capacity to myelinate axons. Our experiments indicated that neuro...

A total of 989,582 test-day records of 160,243 first-parity cows collected from 131 herds of Iranian Holstein dairy cows from 1995 to 2014 by the Animal Breeding and Improvement Centre of Iran, were used to determine the best model for lactation curves of fat to protein ratio (FPR) and somatic cell scores (SCS) in the first lactation. Several mathematical models including the Wood (WD), Wilmink...

In this study test-day records of milk (kg), fat (g), and protein (g) yields, somatic cell score (SCS, cells/ML) collected by Animal Breeding Center of Iran during 2007 and 2009 were used to estimate genetic parameters using random regression model. Models with different order of Legendre polynomials were compared using Bayesian information criterion (BIC).For milk, fat yield and SCS genetic an...

We introduce the nonlinear spin-coherent state (SCS) via its ladder operator formalism and propose a type of nonlinear SCS by the nonlinear time evolution of the SCS. By a new version of spectroscopic squeezing criteria we study the spin squeezing in both the SCS and the nonlinear SCS. The results show that the SCS is not squeezed in the x, y and z directions, and the nonlinear SCS may be squee...

Milk somatic cell score (SCS) typically reaches a minimum early in lactation and then rises. Nonlinear mixed effects models were used to describe this trajectory while accounting for between and within-cow variation. A total of 2387 SCS records from 217 Holsteins were analyzed. Four nonlinear and two linear functions were studied. Approximate maximum likelihood estimates indicated that cows fre...

In the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory cells (OCs) and supporting cells (SCs), which express different cadherins, are arranged in a characteristic mosaic pattern in which OCs are enclosed by SCs. However, the mechanism underlying this cellular patterning is unclear. Here, we show that the cellular pattern of the OE is established by cellular rearrangements during development. In the OE, OC...

Multiple-trait (MT) finite mixture random regression (MIX) model was applied using Bayesian methods to first lactation test-day (TD) milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS) of Canadian Holsteins, allowing for heterogeneity of distributions with respect to days in milk (DIM) in lactation. The assumption was that the associations between patterns of variation in these traits and mastitis would al...

Single crystal silicon (SCS) diaphragms are widely used as pressure sensitive elements in micromachined pressure sensors. However, for harsh environments applications, pure silicon diaphragms are hardly used because of the deterioration of SCS in both electrical and mechanical properties. To survive at the elevated temperature, the silicon structures must work in combination with other advanced...

The proton resonance spectra of a number of acetylenes of fixed geometry were recorded in dilute CDCl3 solution and assigned. These were acetylene, equatorialand axial-cyclohexylacetylene at 60 C, 1,4-di-1-adamantylbutadiyne, 1-ethynyl-tand -c-4-tert-butylcyclohexan-r-1-ol, 2-exo-ethynylnorbornan-2-ol† and 2,2 -ethyne-1,2diyldibornan-2-ol. The aromatic acetylenes measured were phenylacetylene, ...