background: celiac disease (cd) may be misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) resulting in long delays in diagnosing cd. there are contradictory reports on the association of cd with ibs.appropriateness of screening all patients with ibs for cd and how to screen them are still under question. materials and methods: in a cross-sectional study, 328 ibs patients (rome ii) referred to the p...

objectives: there are various developmental screening tools that are different in terms of psychometric characteristics and choosing the best one is challenging for the pediatrician. this research was designed to identify the validity and reliability of parents evaluation of developmental status, a developmental screening questionnaire, in 4-60 months-old children in the city of tehran. methods...

purpose: uncorrected visual acuity is the only variable measured in vision screening programs in many countries worldwide. the aim of this study was to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the uncorrected visual acuity in the screening programs for the diagnosis of refractive errors. methods: in this cross-sectional study, of 4,157 students in the first year of primar...

introduction: children learn to communicate by hearing sounds. if there is hearing loss, the cognitive and speaking abilities and language learning will deteriorate. early detection and intervention are important factors in the successful treatment of hearing loss in children. hearing loss (hl) is divided into two main groups: conductive hearing loss (chl) and sensorineural hearing loss (snhl),...

background tubercle bacilli most often are transmitted from one person by the airborne route. the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of latent tuberculosis infection and active pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with chronic psychiatric disorders in hamedan. patients and methods in a cross sectional study, 215 patients with chronic psychiatric disorders were investigated...

background: to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (ppv), and negative predictive value (npv) of the national vision screening program for 7 yr old children in iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, eight cities in iran were selected through multistage cluster sampling. selected cities were sari, birjand, ardabil, mashhad, bandar abbas, dezful, yazd, and ara...

radiation exposure during pregnancy may have serious teratogenic effects to the fetus. in modern medical practice, there is an increasing dependence on imaging techniques in most medical specialties. therefore, checking the pregnancy status before imaging women of child bearing age is essential. lack of international regulations and standard protocols exposes the patient to unexpected fetal rad...

introduction: previous studies have emphasized the importance of early detection of children with developmental coordination disorder (dcd) to prevent the development of secondary academic, emotional and social manifestations of the disorder. a better understanding of these issues is the need for a valid measurement tool. parent report has the potential for providing historical knowledge of the...

background glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) enzyme deficiency is one of the prevalent disorders in guilan province, northern iran, causing many patients to suffer from acute hemolysis. this disease has imposed tremendous costs both on patients and health systems. the aim of this study was to compare the direct costs of favism treatment on patients and health system with g6pd enzyme scre...

the european court lifted the italian ban on pre-implantation diagnostics (pgd). as such the court accepted pgd as a generally accepted means for medically assisted procreation, which may have consequences for other member states prohibiting pgd.