Dutch elm disease (DED) is a destructive tracheomycosis caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi , an ascomycete probably originating in East-Asia that devastating natural populations throughout Europe, North America and Asia. The fungus mainly spread bark beetles complete their life cycle between healthy diseased elms. Recently, it has been highlighted some fungi of the genus Geosmithia which are simila...

I T was recently observed that when random ascospores from hybrid cleistothecia were analyzed, markers conferring nutritional competence were recovered in a significantly higher proportion than would be expected on a random basis (COY and TUVESON 1964a). In this same investigation, non-nutritional markers such as those controlling conidiation and color of conidia were recovered with the expecte...

The influence of plants in the diversification herbivorous insects, specifically those that utilize moribund and dead hosts, is little explored. Host shifts are expected because effectiveness toxic secondary chemicals lessened by decay plants. Feeding on also releases insect lineages from diversifying within a particular plant lineage. Thus, phylogenetic constraints lineage imposed host diminis...

The coastal area in North Sulawesi which has a length of about 1.985 km, is potential with biodiversity supported by the associated biota it. Order Decapoda, infraorder Brachyura one many biotas found areas. It estimated that 5,400 species live purpose study was to identify crabs caught at Minanga Beach, Manado Bay Waters, Malalayang Satu Village District City based on morphological characteris...