The forces experienced while surgically cutting anatomical tissues from a sheep and two rats were investigated for three scissor types. Data were collected in situ using instrumented Mayo, Metzenbaum, and Iris scissors immediately after death to minimize postmortem effects. The force-position relationship, the frequency components present in the signal, the signiŽcance of the cutting rate, and ...

Classifying space techniques are used to solve a smooth version of the classical scissors congruence problem.