Genetic algorithms are known to be convergent algorithms, with the final population tending to become homogeneous. In this paper we show that it is possible to exhibit complex dynamics for a genetic algorithm by slightly modifying the canonical algorithm. Indeed, adding a metalevel in the interpretation of the individuals, associated with a coupling between individuals, gives rise to periodic o...

Abstract The hydropolitical interaction of Nepal and India can be well defined within the framework hydro-hegemony. Two case studies hydro-hegemony counter-hegemony are illustrated in this paper, unleashing approach resistance from vantage point Nepal: Upper Karnali Saptakoshi high dam. Both share a common norm that Nepal, as small state, has been providing access to Indian hydro-hegemony, whic...

Dış politikada denizlerin önemi uzak ve yakın tarih boyunca önemini korumaktadır. Denizlere hâkim olan dünyaya olur düşüncesi ile hareket eden Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), bu doğrultuda Arktik politikasını yeniden düzenlemektedir. Alaska Arktik’e giriş anahtarına sahip ABD, sadece deniz yolları değil ayrıca enerji güvenliği de küresel rekabette önemli bir alanda yer aldığının farkındadır....

The article introduces the concept of hegemony to leadership theory, which has developed mainly as a critique of hegemonic stability theory. We argue that it makes sense to combine the two theories by introducing the concept of ‘size’ into neoliberal thinking about International Political Economy. We accept the neoinstitutional hypothesis that a hegemon is not needed to provide public goods, an...