in this article we review the application and procedures involved in scanning electron microscope (sem) to observe biological and live tissues through using sem at high resolution. we discuss practical methods for optimizing tissue preservation to achieve the two principal goals of biological specimen preparation: (a) preserving biological structures as close to their living configuration as po...

Helical structures are more disordered and diffract more weakly than two-dimensional crystals, and images of them are inherently noisier. Automated techniques allowed us to correct, align and merge data from hundreds of images. To extend from ~1.0 nm resolution to the near atomic level (~0.4 nm), we needed to know whether our handling of images could be improved. For example, curved particles a...