A combination of atomic force microscopy, scanning election microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction were used to study reactions of 0.5–500 mg/L aqueous Pb with Ca5(PO4)3OH, hydroxylapatite (HAP), at pH 6 and 22 8C. Following 2 h reaction time, concentrations of Pbaq ([Pbaq]) decreased from 500 mg/L to ,100 mg/L, ...

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging previously has been used to examine structure and pathologies of the eye. The present study investigates the use of a saturation-transfer technique, which exploits water-macromolecular proton magnetic interactions, to enhance image contrast in the rabbit eye in vivo. Upon steady-state saturation of the macromolecular-proton magnetization, the wate...

BACKGROUND Receptor occupancy, or saturation, assays are often utilized in preclinical and clinical development programs to evaluate the binding of a biologic to a cellular target. These assays provide critical information regarding the dose of drug required to "saturate" the target as well as important pharmacodymamic (PD) data. A flow cytometric method was developed to measure the degree of S...

background: long surgery causes hypothermia and increased bleeding and can increase the arterial blood lactate levels during anesthesia. it causes cellular hypoxia and its complications. considering the core temperature of the patient during surgery it can prevent hypoxia. this study aimed to compare the effects of different temperatures on the core temperature and the concentrations of lactate...

mean values for Po2 of 58, 60, and 72 mm Hg, respectively, were found for the three groups. When the same patients breathed oxygen via a nasal cannula or face mask at flow rates of 8 to 12 L/min, values were 106, 128, and 160 mm Hg, respectively. In all instances hemoglobin saturation values in excess of 95% were obtained when the patient breathed oxygen. In 15 patients measurements of the oxyg...

classical soil mechanics involves the study of fully saturated soils. however, many problems encountered in geotechnical engineering practice involve unsaturated soil, in which behavior is significantly different from classical saturated soil. negative pore pressure and capillary forces develop a virtual cohesion between the grains of semi saturated soils. this kind of cohesion is dependent on ...