Strategic programming, Complex supply chain, Lean, Production programming, Suppliers selection,   ELECTRE This paper represents a model of strategic programming with limited resources in a complex supply chain. The main goal of the proposed model is to increase efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain with respect to income increases and cost decreases. Using special objective funct...

Information from 2013-2015 have been analysed on water accessibility, types of water service to households, use of water pretreatment, availability of sewerage, use of sewage treatment in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Yakutia Republic, based on evaluation information accessible in open sources, such as regional statistics and sanitary-epidemiologic reports. The main causes of the poor state of ...

supply chain network   receding horizon control demand move suppression term   supply chain networks are interconnection and dynamics of a demand network. example subsystems, referred to as stages, include raw materials, distributors of the raw materials, manufacturers, distributors of the manufactured products, retailers, and customers. the main objectives of the control strategy for the suppl...

traceability is a basic requirement for the most of products from the viewpoint of governments and customers. it has base of quality systems and supports integration of supply chain information systems. this paper has presented a holistic model for supply chain traceability through structural equation modeling. this model will support recall of products, quality assurance requirements, improve ...

Introduction Bad water, sanitation and personal hygiene combined are after malnutrition globally considered as the major treats to human health. According to Michaud et al (2001) malnutrition accounted for nearly 6 million deaths (11.7% overall) and 220 million DALYs (15.9% overall) and the corresponding figures for poor water supply, sanitation, and personal hygiene accounted for 2.6 million d...

the dominant policy decision emphasis on urbanisation problem in developing countries is itsrate of growth, ignoring the level of provision of resources, including the infrastructure, to match this growth. it isagainst this background that the paper undertook a broad analysis of the state of infrastructure in developing countriesusing such indices as access and quality of water supply, sanitati...

PROBLEM There is ongoing concern that governments at many levels are not devoting enough attention and resources to sanita tion services, particularly when compared to spending on water supply and other infrastructure services. Additionally, existing sanitation investments and service provision are not often pro-poor. Efforts to increase access to sanitation infrastructure often benefit better-...

Why do technically sound WASH sector strategies, even those that have been successful in other contexts or constitute accepted ‘best practice’, fail to improve access to water supply and sanitation, especially for the poor? Why do good sector policies, often supported by donor technical assistance, fail to get implemented? Why are seemingly successful pilot programmes not scaled up? Why are sec...