The Late Oligocene to Recent Canterbury Drifts were deposited in water depths between c. 400 and c. 1500 m by northward-flowing, cold, intermediate-depth water masses: Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and their predecessor current flows. Drift accumulation started at c. 24 Ma, fed by terrigenous sediment derived from the newly rising Alpine Fault plate boundar...

Clinoforms on coasts exposed to ocean waves form from sand exported from the shoreface during extreme wave conditions and deposited where wave action diminishes. Elsewhere, it is shown that, during upper 5-percentile wave conditions, wave-induced shear stresses exceed the sediment threshold of motion to below the clinoform rollovers. Experiments and theory suggest that, where bed sediments are ...

the relationship between topography, soil factors, and distribution of ecological vegetation groups in the nodoushan arid rangelands of yazd province (iran) was investigated. the present species were recorded in each vegetation group using a randomized-systematic sampling method. plant cover and density were estimated quantitatively using the transect and quadrate methods, and the two-way indic...

The earth nailing system is a ground improvement technique used to stabilize slopes. behavior of the dependent on soil and characteristics, such as spacing between nails, orientation, length, method installation properties, slope height angle, surcharge loading, among others. In present study, three-dimensional physical model was built simulate nailed with scale 1:10 various nail characteristic...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Transition between slope positions (e.g., ridge, shoulder slope, back slope, foot slop...

Sand dripping in 1 dimensional Sand Pile Model is rst studied. Patterns and signals appear. Their behaviors and interactions are explained and asymptotic approximations are made. The total collapsing time of a single stack of sand is linear in function of the number of grains.

Abstract Globally vegetation cover on coastal sand dunes has increased since at least the 1950s. With aim of restoring or increasing biodiversity, land managers in several countries have removed and/or reprofiled dune slopes to reinvigorate geomorphic activity. However, longevity these interventions can be relatively short (on order 5 10 years), and further active management is required. Hypoth...

We use the Be concentration in alluvial sand and gravel to document hillslope exposure history and trace the reduction in grain size of river alluvium in the Clearwater River basin, western Washington State. Clearwater tributary basins Wilson Creek (WC, 6 km) and East Fork Miller Creek (EFMC, 12 km) were each sampled in headwater and downstream sites for Be in alluvial sand (0.25–0.50 mm) and g...