We present a complete axiomatisation of the operator of projection onto state in the Duration Calculus (DC ) relative to validity in DC without extending constructs. Projection onto state was introduced and studied extensively in our earlier works. We first establish the completeness of a system of axioms and proof rules for the operator relative to validity in the extension of DC by neighbourh...

Among the possible approaches for expressing real-time problems with the B method, two are dominant : the use of the usual B mechanisms to define temporal constraints on one hand, and extending B through another formalism more adapted to the real-time context. We define here a possible temporal semantic for B, by using a temporal logic (the duration calculus), and we illustrate how this extensi...

It was aimed to evaluate the national congenital hypothyroidism program in terms of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cut-off level, frequency of cases that required treatment and the stages before treatment in the Kocaeli district area. This research was performed with the contribution of Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Pediatric Endocrinology Department, and the Kocaeli Local Health Distr...

The sampling of living insects should be avoided in highly endangered species when the sampling would further increase the risk of population extinction. Nonlethal sampling (wing clips or leg removals) can be an alternative to obtain DNA of individuals for population genetic studies. However, nonlethal sampling may not be possible for all insect species. We examined whether remnants of traffic-...

Selection of animals for sampling should consider relevance to the problem at hand. The animals selected should have the following characteristics: 1). Relationship to contemporary problems, 2) Be in the initial phases of disease; and 3) Should have not received treatment for this disease. Sampling of animals should focus on those showing the same signs as affected animals, albeit earlier on in...

Seabird tracking has become an ever more popular tool to aid environmental procedures such as the designation of marine protected areas and environmental impact assessments. However, samples used are usually small and little consideration is given to experimental design and sampling protocol. European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis were tracked using GPS technology over three breeding seasons ...

An essential step for fibre-tracking is the accurate estimation of neuronal fibre orientations within each imaging voxel, and a number of methods have been proposed to reconstruct the orientation distribution function based on sampling three-dimensional q-space. In the q-space formalism, very short (infinitesimal) gradient pulses are the basic requirement to obtain the true spin displacement pr...

The aim of the present study was to determine the sound wave forms which correspond to auscultatory findings of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking and crepitation. Such knowledge is important when selecting parts of digital recordings for spectral analysis. Electronic digital recordings were made with a sampling rate of 44,100 Hz from 60 subjects, including 51 patients referred for suspecte...