UNLABELLED The purpose of the present study was to explore the phonological working memory of adults who stutter through the use of a non-word repetition and a phoneme elision task. Participants were 14 adults who stutter (M=28 years) and 14 age/gender matched adults who do not stutter (M=28 years). For the non-word repetition task, the participants had to repeat a set of 12 non-words across fo...

Psychosocial factors, individual factors, workplace requirements, and workplace organizational factors have all been reported as being associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorders [11]. Huang, Feuerstein, and Sauter [5] described the various concepts and models proposed to link occupational stress and work-related upper extremity disorders, as well as the difficulty in verifying the su...

Previous research has demonstrated that subjects' responses in a speeded-choice task are affected by the sequence of stimuli and responses. Generally, responses are faster when the same stimulus is repeated. There is disagreement in the literature concerning whether or not this effect represents a speedup of perception, response execution, or central stages of processing. The first 5 experiment...

Text generation tasks, including translation, summarization, language models, and etc. see rapid growth during recent years. Despite the remarkable achievements, repetition problem has been observed in nearly all text models undermining performance extensively. To solve problem, many methods have proposed, but there is no existing theoretical analysis to show why this happens how it resolved. I...

In task switching, the n-2 repetition cost (informally, the elevation in RT associated with performing a recently abandoned task) is an indicator of residual task-set inhibition. One suggestion is that such inhibition is triggered by conflict between task-set elements. We present a novel computational model instantiating this proposal, by adding task-conflict monitoring units to an existing, in...

Repetition effects are often helpful in revealing information about mental structures and processes. Usually, positive effects have been observed when the stimuli or responses are repeated. However, in task shift studies it has also been found that response repetitions can produce negative effects if the task shifts. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to account for this interaction...

This study investigated phonological components of reading skill at two ages, using a novel pseudoword repetition task for assessing phonological memory (PM). Pseudowords were designed to incorporate control over segmental, prosodic and lexical features. In Experiment 1, the materials were administered to 3- and 4-year-old children together with a standardized test of phonological awareness (PA...

Humans often experience difficulty when asked to perform multiple tasks at the same time. Two of the better-known forms of dual-task interference are the attentional blink (AB) effect and the Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) effect. These phenomena have traditionally been studied independently, using divergent methodologies and different dependent measures. The purpose of this chapter is t...

Previous research has found evidence in favor of two subsystems underlying object recognition: an abstract-category subsystem that mainly works in the left hemisphere (LH) and a specific-exemplar subsystem that mainly works in the right hemisphere (RH). This asymmetry has been observed in both the visual and auditory domains by means of long-term repetition priming experiments. This study explo...