Let E be an elliptic curve defined over F2n . The inverse operation of point doubling, called point halving, can be done up to three times as fast as doubling. Some authors have therefore proposed to perform a scalar multiplication by an “halve-and-add” algorithm, which is faster than the classical double-and-add method. If the coefficients of the equation defining the curve lie in a small subf...

In this paper we introduce new methods for computing constant-time variable-base point multiplications over the Galbraith-Lin-Scott (GLS) and the Koblitz families of elliptic curves. Using a left-to-right double-and-add and a right-to-left halve-and-add Montgomery ladder over a GLS curve, we present some of the fastest timings yet reported in the literature for point multiplication. In addition...

forest ecosystems that have spent a long time to mature, offer important goods and services to humanity. hence, utilization and exploitation of these resources should be based on careful assessment of their ecological value and potential. ecological land evaluation is an approach based on land quality, vulnerability and potential assessment for different acceptable uses drawing upon related mod...

We present effective upper bounds on the symmetric bilinear complexity of multiplication in extensions of a base finite field F p2 of prime square order, obtained by combining estimates on gaps between prime numbers together with an optimal construction of auxiliary divisors for multiplication algorithms by evaluation-interpolation on curves. Most of this material dates back to a 2011 unpublish...

The present study examined the effects of boundary strength and stress on nasal coarticulation with neighboring segments. Acoustic and nasal airflow data were recorded from four speakers as they produced intervocalic fricative-nasal and nasalfricative sequences that spanned a word-internal boundary or a word boundary under two different stress conditions. Although neither stress nor boundary af...

Current web browsers are complex, have enormous trusted computing bases, and provide attackers with easy access to computer systems. This makes web browser security a difficult issue that increases in importance as more and more applications move to the web. Our approach for this challenge is to design and build a correct-by-construction web browser, called IBOS, that consists of multiple concu...

Motivated by an Arens regularity problem, we introduce the concepts of matrix Banach space and matrix Banach algebra. The notion of matrix normed space in the sense of Ruan is a special case of our matrix normed system. A matrix Banach algebra is a matrix Banach space with a completely contractive multiplication. We study the structure of matrix Banach spaces and matrix Banach algebras. Then we...

Research on multitasking indicates that central processing capacity is limited, resulting in a performance decrement when central processes overlap in time. A notable exception seems to be stopping responses. The main theoretical and computational accounts of stop performance assume that going and stopping do not share processing capacity. This independence assumption has been supported by many...