So far, various methods have been presented for determining reference crop evapotranspiration in different parts of the world. The most popular and prestigious of them are probably the combined methods of Penman family, modified Blany-Criddle, Hargreaves - Samani and thornthwaite. Due to lack of lysimeter data in many parts of Iran, presenting an equation according to the regional condition wit...

Background: Domestic violence, including child abuse, spousal elder and parent is a common issue in the modern world. Parent abuse one of phenomena that has been focus attention recent decades due to its negative effects on family system. Objectives: This study aimed investigate predictors boy students. Methods: present was correlational study. The statistical population all second-grade high s...

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations have high water consumption through evapotranspiration, which can contribute to scarcity. In addition, there is a lack of spatial observation data and estimation methods for evapotranspiration (ET) rubber plantations. To alleviate the stress expanding caused by seasonal drought in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, an up 7 days crop (ETc) forecast method, “K...

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is vital for water resource development, planning and management, particularly in the present global warming context. A large number empirical ET models have been developed estimating ET. The main limitations this method are that it requires several meteorological variables an extensive data span to comprehend pattern accurately, which not availabl...

A new multiscale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) dataset is provided for a reference period (1960–1999) and two future time horizons (2040–2079) (2060–2099). The historical forcing based on combined climate observations reanalysis (WATer global CHange Forcing Dataset), the projections are fed by Fast Track experiment of Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Proj...

Abstract Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for irrigation design and water management in rainfed irrigated agriculture. The Penman-Monteith (FAO-56(PM)) equation was demonstrated to be the most reliable adaptive a wide range of humid semi-arid climates. However, it requires several environmental parameters (e.g., wind speed, solar radiation), rarely available developing countries. ...

Studies examining potential evapotranspiration (PET) for a mature forest reference compared with standard grass are limited in the current literature. Data from three long-term weather stations located within 10 km of each other in the USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest (SEF) in coastal South Carolina were used to (1) evaluate monthly and annual PET estimates from five different met...