Radiocarbon content in tree rings can be an excellent proxy of the past incoming cosmic ray intensities to Earth. Although such past cosmic ray variations have been studied by measurements of 14C contents in tree rings with ≥10-y time resolution for the Holocene, there are few annual 14C data. There is a little understanding about annual 14C variations in the past, with the exception of a few p...

Recent concern about survival and recovery of highelevation white pine ecosystems has returned white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola) to prominence as a significant threat to forest health in the western U.S. (Samman et al., 2003). This, in turn, has spurred new research into potential rustresistance mechanisms in high-elevation white pines, including whitebark (Pinus albicauli...

Daru Haridra is identified by the modern pharmacognosy as Berberis aristata DC or its allied species. Though there are more useful species of Berberis. they are said to be possessing more or less equal properties. The author explains in this paper that the use of Coscinium fenestratum in the name of Daru Haridra by the Kerala-physicians is justifiable basing on its literal meaning in Malayalam ...

In the Discussion section, second paragraph, the fourth sentence on lines 9–11 should read: While, Andola et al. (2010) have reported that B. asiatica has higher berberine content followed by B. lycium and B. aristata. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduct...

BACKGROUND Salvia divinorum is a member of the Lamiaceae family and contains the psychotropic diterpene and kappa-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin-A. Originally a shamanic inebriant used by the Mexican Mazatec Indians, the plant and its preparations are becoming increasingly popular among non-traditional users. METHODS Demographic data and information on pattern of use and subjective effect...

The study designed to evaluate the protective effect of Salvia officinalis (SO) water extract against OVAinduced asthma in mice. The OVA-induced asthmatic mice exhibited significant increase in total leukocytes count, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and eosinophils count in (BALF), in addition, to the serum total IgE level. Pathological changes in the lung were evalu...

The active ingredients of salvia (dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza) include both lipophilic (e.g., tanshinone IIA, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I) and hydrophilic (e.g., danshensu and salvianolic acid B) constituents. The low oral bioavailability of these constituents may limit their efficacy. A solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) was developed t...

Salvia hypoleuca is used in Iranian traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of some diseases and troubles. In this study, attention was focused on the antioxidant effect of Salvia hypoleuca. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Salvia hypoleuca extract on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (EIU) in rats. In addition, the endotoxin-induced expression of the inducible nitric...

Breast cancer is second most common in women and accounts for 23% of all occurring cancers in women. At present, more than 60% of the chemotherapeutic drugs are developed from plants and their derivatives, which can be used for development of anticancer drugs. An Indian barberry, Berberis aristata has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation, skin diseases, ulcers and cancers. ...