The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, or Freddie Mac. We Abstract Depository institutions may use information advantages along dimensions not observed or considered by outside parties to " cream‐skim, " meaning to transfer risk to naïve, uninformed, or unconce...

Applying a hedonic difference-in-differences framework to a census of residential property transactions in New York City 2003-2016.5, we estimate the effects of 3 flood risk signals: 1) the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012, which increased premiums; 2) Hurricane Sandy; and 3) new FEMA floodplain maps. On average each signal decreases sale prices by approximately 5 percent. Prop...

We evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the pork production chain in Czech Republic, Italy, and Spain during 2010. A total of 337 fecal, liver, and meat samples from animals at slaughterhouses were tested for HEV by real-time quantitative PCR. Overall, HEV was higher in Italy (53%) and Spain (39%) than in Czech Republic (7.5%). HEV was detected most frequently in feces in Ital...

The wave of private equity deals has refocused attention on the role of the board of directors. There has now been sufficient experience and adaptation to identify some of the key issues for directors who― as in other takeover contexts― act as gatekeepers on the fundamental question of whether, and under what circumstances, a proposal for the sale of the company should be put before the stockho...

this research develops a two-level model based on hypotheses, which concern relationships among role ambiguity, role conflict, job involvement and salesperson performance at individual level and collective sale self efficacy, customer orientation and competitive climate at sale unit level in iranian food industry. data was drawn from 482 sales people in 30 companies , using a 51-item self-repor...

after forty years, the act of motor vehicle compulsory insurance was amended in 1387(2008).the act has changed some areas and protected third parties rather than former act. some protections are: increasing third parties, development of sphere of insurance and acceptance of an insurance policy as a mortgage in courts. however we see some ambiguities in the late act. the article analyses changes...

This issue brief analyzes how, over the next decade, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is likely to stabilize and reverse women's growing exposure to health care costs. Up to 15 million women who now are uninsured could gain subsidized coverage under the law. In addition, 14.5 million insured women will benefit from provisions that improve coverage or reduce premiums. Women who have coverage throug...

The Digital Economy Act 2010 was hurried into existence in the dying days of the last Labour government, and contains powers designed to resist unauthorised file sharing that are due to be implemented by an Initial Obligations Code authored by Ofcom. Even before the Code has been published, there are several pre-existing key areas of the Act that contain significant evidential problems and pote...