Identification of neural networks and pathways involved in activation and modulation of spinal central pattern generators (CPGs) in the absence of the descending control from the brain is important for further understanding of neural control of movement and for developing innovative therapeutic approaches to improve the mobility of spinal cord injury patients. Activation of the hindlimb innerva...

Background Anterior Sacral Meningocele (ASM) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which most medical practitioners may never come across in their life time. A rare case of Anterior Sacral Meningocele is reported with a review of the literature. Case Report A 31-years-old man was referred with an 8 month history of gradual abdominal distension. He was asymptomatic otherwise. He was found on e...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To report on our technique of sacral laparoscopic implantation of aneuroprosthesis-LION procedure-for recovery of bladder/intestinal/sexual function in paralyzed patients after spinal cord injury. DESIGN Prospective case series report. SETTING Academic community teaching hospital. PATIENTS Eight consecutive complete T-paralyzed patients after explantation of a previous dor...

BACKGROUND Caudal block is easily performed because the landmarks are superficial. However, the sacral hiatus is small and shallow in pediatric patients. In the present study, we evaluated under general anesthesia whether the distance between the bilateral superolateral sacral crests increased with growth, whether an equilateral triangle was formed between the apex of the sacral hiatus and the ...

Objective: To demonstrate the feasability of the laparoscopic transperitoneal approach to the pelvic somatetic 10 nerves for the diagnosis and treatment of ano-genital pain caused by pudendal and/or sacral nerve roots lesions. Method: In a retrospective review, 134 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopy for refractory ano-genital pain. All neurosurgical procedures such as neurolysis/decompr...

The problem of the study “sacral” and “profane” in discourse philosophy culture has repeatedly been raised numerous works foreign domestic authors. fundamental development concepts opens up grand-scale opportunities for various forms through prism theory “sacral”. oldest collective form that is extant to this day festivity, at base which there are / “sacred” values truths a particular society, ...

The vascular and nervous structures and their relations with the spinal nerve roots were examined in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th posterior sacral foramina in relation to percutaneous needle insertion for neuromodulation. A foraminal branch provided by the lateral sacral artery to each foramen entered the inferior lateral quadrant of each foramen, adjacent to the nerve root medially. Facing the posteri...

anaesthetic solution in the sacral canal bathing the peridural space. Development of sacral anesthesia.?In 1901, Sicard and Cathelin introduced and developed the technique of extradural injection by introduction of cocaine solution into the sacral canal. It was several years afterwards that the practical application of this method in surgery and obstetrics was found. By 1920, 4,200 cases were t...

Sacrum is wedge shaped bone between two iliac bones forming posterior wall of pelvis. Normally, sacrum is generated by fusion of five sacral vertebrae constituting four pairs of sacral foramina [1]. At the cranial end of sacrum, there is fifth lumbar vertebra which when fused with the first sacral vertebra is known as sacralization of lumbar vertebra. Similarly at the caudal end, first coccygea...

Sacral stress fractures are common in elderly people. However, sacral stress fracture should be always screened in the differential diagnoses of low back pain during the postpartum period. We present a case of sacral fracture in a thirty-six-year-old woman with low back pain and severe right buttock pain two days after cesarean section delivery of a 3.9 Kg baby. The diagnosis was confirmed by M...