Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) causes severe diarrhea in newborn calves, is associated with winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory infections in calves and feedlot cattle. The BCoV S protein plays a fundamental role in viral attachment and entry into the host cell, and is cleaved into two subunits termed S1 (amino terminal) and S2 (carboxy terminal). The present study describes a strategy ...

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease confined to Latin America and of marked importance in the endemic areas due to its frequency and severity. This species is considered to be clonal according to mycological criteria and has been shown to vary in virulence. To characterize natural genetic variation and reproductive mode in this fungus, we an...

We have characterized the two families of SINE retroposons present in Arabidopsis thaliana. The origin, distribution, organization, and evolutionary history of RAthE1 and RAthE2 elements were studied and compared to the well-characterized SINE S1 element from Brassica. Our studies show that RAthE1, RAthE2, and S1 retroposons were generated independently from three different tRNAs. The RAthE1 an...

Although mutations in the proinsulin gene (INS) are the second most common cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus, the natural history of β-cell death and the most appropriate treatments remains unknown. We describe the management and outcome of two sisters with INS-mediated diabetes (S1 and S2) and suggest that more intensive insulin treatment of S2 may have resulted in better clinical outcomes. ...

The rnb gene encodes ribonuclease II (RNase II), one of the two major Escherichia coli exonucleases involved in mRNA degradation. In this paper, the rnb transcript is characterized regarding its promoter and terminator regions. The combined results from S1 nuclease protection analysis, DNase I footprinting and gene fusions with lacZ have shown that rnb is expressed from two promoters. S1 nuclea...

conclusions association with sex, genotype and clinical symptoms revealed that the pre-s1 orf deletion occurred in 40% , 40%,and 20% of genotypes b,c, and d respectively, and 80% of the female population, of which all but one were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis b. additionally, several mutations were found in the bcp region with the following incidence rate; c1653 t (8.6%), a1752 g (10.8%),17...

1. Experimental methods 2. Strains and plasmids used in this study (Table S1) 3. Deduced functions and sequence comparison of the tar genes (Table S2) 4. Schematic diagram of the tar gene cluster direct cloning (Figure S1) 5. Restriction mapping of pCAP01-tar and its derivatives (Figure S2). 6. Results of heterologous expression of the tar gene cluster in S. coelicolor M1146 (Figure S3) 7. Resu...

The transcription of the single ribosomal RNA gene cluster is initiated at an assemblage of promoters five of which were previously mapped in the 910 base pair region in front of the 16S rRNA gene. The nucleotide sequence between positions -1680 and -910 was determined and S1 nuclease mapping revealed therein two sites corresponding to the 5' ends of the primary transcripts. These two presumabl...

Thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) is a central component in the innate immune response of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium infection. Two classes of TEP1 alleles, TEP1*S and TEP1*R, are found in both laboratory strains and wild isolates, related by a greater or lesser susceptibility, respectively to both P. berghei and P. falciparum infection. We report the crystal structure of the full-leng...

Case Report: Recently a 20-day-old layer flock with mortality has been submitted to the PCR Lab. Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) has been detected in the clinical samples. Results: A phylogenetic tree based on a partial S1 gene sequence showed Iranian IBV variant located in LX4-type cluster. This cluster include all QXIBV-type detected in China and European countries. The highest sequence hom...