a significant transformation in turkey's foreign policy orientation occurred after the justice and development party (adaletvekalkınmapartisior akp in turkish) gained power in 2002. this change was the cause of dissatisfaction of turkish secular military leaders, kemalists and pro-westerners who are concerned that similar to the former islamist parties, the akp might seek to strengthen isl...

having a rentier economy dependent on natural gas exports, turkmenistan was administered as a dictatorship under saparmurat niyazov after it gained independence from the soviet :union:. it also pursued a foreign policy based on non-participation in any international alliance and pact. this paper studies turkmenistan's domestic and foreign policies under his successor president berdimuhamed...

In this paper, we consider a single-item periodic-review stochastic inventory system with both minimum order quantity (MOQ) and batch ordering requirements. In each time period, the firm can order either none or at least as much as the MOQ. At the same time, if an order is placed, the order quantity is required to be an integral multiple of a given specific batch size. We first adopt a heuristi...

Software composition via workflow specifications has received a great deal of attention recently. One reason is the high degree of fit with the encapsulation of software modules in service-oriented fashion. In the Industry, existing workflow languages have been merged to form WS-BPEL, the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services. In the Research community OWL-S, a ontology for web s...

Generally, evolution of instruments on environmental policy went through three phases, they are; (1) 1970’s,Command and Control Policy, (2) 1980’s,Market-based Policy, and (3) 1990’s, Information Disclosure, Dialogue and Cooperation Mechanism. According to the World Bank, the classification of environmental policies is expressed by four types, direct regulation, market-based measures, market cr...

One of the striking features of the business cycles is the patterns of co-movement of output, inflation, interest rates, and real equity prices across countries. This paper empirically examines the effects of domestic and foreign monetary policies on Iranchr('39')s macroeconomic variables (including real production, inflation, short-term interest rate, and real exchange rate) using quarterly da...