background: the inappropriate use of handouts and notes is a common academic problem among students. students' notes are too brief and incomplete in compare with references; hence they may not cover the required content for the courses. the aim of this paper is to analyze students' attitude toward reading handouts and notes instead of references. methods: in this analytical and descri...

editor’s note geopersia is published biannually by the college of science, university of tehran, iran. the college of science published “journal of science”, which covered all fields of basic science, from 1968 to 2010. it was then decided that the college’s journals should be more specialized, and hence publication of geopersia was launched. geopersia aims to publish peer-reviewed original res...

• Denote by |S| its cardinality (that is, the number of its elements), by S̄ its complement (that is, S̄ = V \ S) and by 1S its characteristic vector, that is (1S)i = 1 if i ∈ S and 0 otherwise. • Let volS = ∑ i∈S di be the volume of S (recall that di is the degree of node i). Note: volS = d1S . • Let ein(S) = 1SA1S and eout(S) = 1SA(1 − 1S) = volS − ein(S). Note: eout(S) is the number of edges j...

sections of history were unsaid because they happened beside facts. in these situations, minds were attracted by what is visible. as a result, few facts were ignored. in many of sources that considered fath ali shah`s iconography, his intense tendency toward using jewelries or attention to appearance defined as his diplomatic policies toward foreigners. this note has a considerable place in art...