BACKGROUND We examined (1) patient characteristics and disease-modifying drug (DMD) exposure in late-onset (LOMS, ≥50 years at symptom onset) versus adult-onset (AOMS, 18-<50 years) MS and (2) the association between interferon-beta (IFNβ) and disability progression in older relapsing-onset MS adults (≥50 years). METHODS This retrospective study (1980-2004, British Columbia, Canada) included ...

Plant parasites and soilborne pathogens directly reduce the overall yield of crops, vegetables, fruits, negatively impacting market demand for these products their net profitability. While preplant soil fumigation helps maintain consistent production quality high-value cash most fumigants are toxic to off-target species, including humans. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) has recently been introduced a...

بررسی رابطه‌ی بین گروه‌های غذایی و دریافت درشت مغذی‌ها ریزمغذی‌ها با افزایش ریسک PCOS در زنان 20-40 ساله مراجعه‌کننده به بیمارستان صارم شهر تهران

BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is chronic and debilitating, afflicts patients in the prime of their lives, and requires costly, decades-long disease management. MS prevalence is increasing, and treatment with new drug therapies is expensive. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this analysis were to (1) determine the average total and component direct medical costs incurred in the treatment of MS...

Suboptimal larval habitats modulate oviposition of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s.. CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not. Abstract Selection of oviposition sites by gravid females is a critical behavioural preference in the reproductive cycle of Anopheles g...

Complex vector modes have become topical of late due to their fascinating properties and the many applications they found across a broad variety research fields. Even though such can be generated in wide ways, digital holography stands out as one most flexible versatile. Along this line, Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs) gain popularity recent time high refresh rates, which allows generation a...

Recently, dust has created many problems, including negative effects on health, and environmental economic costs, for people who live both near to far from sources of dust. The aim this study is evaluate quantify the impact located inside Saudi Arabia physical growth vegetation status cities. In order do so, satellite data sets, simulated surface data, soil 2000 2021 were used. first step, a ma...