BACKGROUND Herbivores rely on digestive tract lignocellulolytic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and protozoa, to derive energy and carbon from plant cell wall polysaccharides. Culture independent metagenomic studies have been used to reveal the genetic content of the bacterial species within gut microbiomes. However, the nature of the genes encoded by eukaryotic protozoa and fungi wit...

Six rumen-fistulated and defaunated wethers were fed twice daily a pelleted diet of barley and dehydrated lucern at a rate of 50 g dry matter/kg body weight °-!5. Two months later, the sheep were divided into three equal groups. Each group was then inoculated in the rumen with one of the following three genera of protozoa : Polyplastron multivesiculatum (P), Entodinium sp. (E), or lsotricha pro...

Rumen microbial populations were measured in Brahman-cross steers that were relocated from spear grass (Heteropogon contortus) dominant pastures in northern Queensland to buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliasis) dominant pastures in central Queensland, to assess whether aspects of rumen function may contribute to the sometimes reported depressed growth rates following relocation. Nine genera of ciliate...

Ruminants have a unique ability to derive energy from the degradation of plant polysaccharides through the activity of the rumen microbiota. Although this process is well studied in vitro, knowledge gaps remain regarding the relative contribution of the microbiota members and enzymes in vivo. The present study used RNA-sequencing to reveal both the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-acti...

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of sodium monensin and protein supplementation in the enteric methane production and the population of ruminal protozoa in bovine fed Brachiaria brizantha Marandu cultivar hay. The treatments were: mineralized salt, mineralized salt with monensin, proteinenriched salt and protein-enriched salt with monensin. The experimental outline was in a 4 x 4 Latin...

WILLIAMS, P. P. (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Md.), J. GUTIERREZ, AND R. E. DAVIS. Lipid metabolism of rumen ciliates and bacteria. II. Uptake of fatty acids and lipid analysis of Isotricha intestinalis and rumen bacteria with further information on Entodinium simplex. Appl. Microbiol. 11:260-264. 1963.-The total lipid and free fatty acid contents of Isotricha intestinalis, Entod...

Rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. Produced Hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of Methane by methanogenesis. Nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

The effect of substituting native grass with jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) by-product on fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial profile, methane production, and hydrogen balance using in vitro method was investigated. Seven treatments (different composition of native grass, jengkol peel, jengkol leaves, and concentrate) with five replications in a block randomized desi...

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Ruminants fulfill their energy needs for growth primarily through microbial breakdown of plant biomass in the rumen. Several biotic and abiotic factors influence the efficiency of fiber degradation, which can ultimately impact animal productivity and health. To provide more insight into mechanisms involved in the modulation of fibrolytic activity, a functional DNA microarray targeting genes enc...