X-Ray absorption spectromicroscopy provides rich information on the chemical organization of materials down to the nanoscale. However, interpretation of this information in studies of "natural" materials such as biological or environmental science specimens can be complicated by the complex mixtures of spectroscopically complicated materials present. We describe here the shortcomings that somet...

The exposome encompasses an individual's exposure to exogenous chemicals, as well as endogenous chemicals that are produced or altered in response to external stressors. While the exposome concept has been established for human health, its principles can be extended to include broader ecological issues. The assessment of exposure is tightly interlinked with hazard assessment. Here, we explore i...

A new mode of transport is described that was capable of high-resolution separation of superparamagnetic materials from complex mixtures based on their size. Laminar flow and a rotating external magnetic field were applied to superparamagnetic beads assembled on a semiperiodic micromagnet array. Beads at the edge of the micromagnet array oscillated in-phase with the external magnetic field with...

Fuzzy Newton-Cotes method for integration of fuzzy functions that was proposed by Ahmady in [1]. In this paper we construct error estimate of fuzzy Newton-Cotes method such as fuzzy Trapezoidal rule and fuzzy Simpson rule by using Taylor's series. The corresponding error terms are proven by two theorems. We prove that the fuzzy Trapezoidal rule is accurate for fuzzy polynomial of degree one and...

Objective: Ecosystems with mixed species compared to the ones with pure compositions provide a broader range of options in the fields of biodiversity, conservation, protection and restoration. Nearly all forest plantations are established as monocultures, but research has shown that there are potential advantages to be gained by using carefully designed species mixtures in place of monocultures...

supercritical carbon dioxide has gained increasing attention in food and pharmaceutical processing owing to the fact that it is environmentally inexpensive, not flammable, essentially non-toxic, and it has a convenient critical point. also, it has been attracting much attention in many fields, such as extraction of sensitive materials and pharmaceutical processing and polymerization processes. ...

Based on driving force for crystallization of one-component gas hydrate, in this report an expression for the supersaturation for crystallization of multicomponent gas hydrate is derived. Expressions for the supersaturation are obtained in isothermal and isobaric regimes. The results obtained are applied to the crystallization of hydrates of mixtures of methane plus ethane and can apply to ...

air cooled blast furnace slag is a by product made of gradually air cooled molten blast furnace slag, and is often stored in stockpiles near the iron mills and usually occupy a wide area around the iron mills. from this perspective the further use of these materials can have its own merits. air cooled blast furnace slag can be used in asphalt mixtures because of their proper frictional properti...

stare decisis is one of traditional legal rules common law to be considered. according to this rule, the judge of the judicial decisions of thecommon law previous similar cases to use. this rule by some authorities such as the international criminal court to consider the implicit judgments about the observance of this rule before the verdict is so difficult. finally, cautious and visionary in c...