BACKGROUND and Overview. With the increased use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments for root canal preparation in endodontics, instrument fracture has become more prevalent. Extensive research has been conducted on the physical properties and mechanical characteristics of NiTi rotary instruments, as well as the factors that can contribute to instrument failure. NiTi rotary instruments ...

Rotary encoders for rotational angle detection have been used in a variety of industrial applications, including detection of actuation and travel amounts and motor speed control. In automotive applications, rotary encoders are utilized for steering system angle detection, accelerator pedals and throttle valves to improve vehicle operability and safety. For every automotive application, the nee...

Rotary drilling belongs to the key methods of rock separation not only in mining, but also in wider areas of geotechnologies 1, 2 . The most efficient separation of rocks is in so-called volume area which can be achieved with the correct choice of work tool and work mode while taking into account the geomechanical properties of rock separation. Theoretical research of rock separation by rotary ...