1DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. 2DDS, Private Practice, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. 3DDS, MSc student, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. 4DDS, MSc, PhD, Adjunct Professor, Department of Morphology, Araraquara Dent...

This article describes a clinical case of mandibular second premolar with three separated canals in apical third of the root that are diagnosed and endodontically treated. Sound knowledge of root canal anatomy and morphology, tactile examination of canal walls, critical interpretation of radiographs and high magnification examination are essential elements of success in complicated root canal t...

The treatment of aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysms often requires addressing concomitant aortic valve pathology. In the setting of aortic stenosis secondary to cusp degeneration, aortic valve replacement (AVR) is performed. However, when patients present with aortic insufficiency and normal cusp anatomy, a dilemma arises. Historically valve replacement has been performed; however, curr...

This case report describes a unique C-shaped mandibular second premolar with four canals and three apical foramina and its endodontic management with the aid of cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT). C-shaped root canal morphology with four canals was identified under a dental operating microscope. A CBCT scan was taken to evaluate the aberrant root canal anatomy and devise a better instrumentat...

the most difficult clinical considertions in orthograde root canal treatment are generally related to the anatomy of the teeth. three-canalled maxillary and mandibular premolars (mini-molars) have been reported in several studies. the purpose of this paper was to review various aspects of three-canalled premolars including incidence, clinical and radiographic diagnosis, racial predisposition, a...

Dens invaginatus (DI) is associated with complex internal anatomy. This article represents a maxillary lateral incisor with 5 root canals including DI. The treatment was planned and performed using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging. After clinical and radiographic evaluations, tooth #7 was diagnosed with DI and pulp necrosis with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Periapical radiogra...

Successful root canal treatment is based on diagnosis, treatment planning, knowledge of tooth anatomy, and the traditional concepts of debridement, sterilization, and obturation. Several obturation techniques are available for root canal treatment. The choice depends on the canal anatomy and the unique objectives of treatment in each case. The two basic obturation procedures are lateral condens...

Successful root canal treatment is based on diagnosis, treatment planning, knowledge of tooth anatomy, and the traditional concepts of debridement, sterilization, an obturation. Several obturation techniques are available for root canal treatment. The choice depends on the canal anatomy and the unique objectives of treatment in each case. The two basic obturation procedures are lateral condensa...