A survey was conducted to collect information on faults, failures and poor performance from large PV plants a well as residential system like the ones of the »1000-Roofs-Programme«. The reason for a low energy yield in some systems was analysed. Modern modules built for a high voltage show very few failures. In one plant electrical faults affected 0.1 % of the total number of modules after two ...

We present a robust approach to creating 2.5D building models from aerial LiDAR point clouds. The method is guaranteed to produce crack-free models composed of complex roofs and vertical walls connecting them. By extending classic dual contouring into a 2.5D method, we achieve a simultaneous optimization over the three dimensional surfaces and the two dimensional boundaries of roof layers. Thus...

We introduce additively-weighted straight skeletons as a new generalization of straight skeletons. An additively-weighted straight skeleton is the result of a wavefront-propagation process where, unlike in previous variants of straight skeletons, wavefront edges do not necessarily start to move at the begin of the propagation process but at later points in time. We analyze the properties of add...

Abstract Rapid urbanization is among the factors that decrease insect diversity. However, by offering suitable habitats, green roofs could lessen this adverse effect. Certain factors, like a nearby public garden, be useful predictor variables to analyze what extent can support communities. The study aimed measure diversity on intensive located near gardens and more isolated roofs, within an urb...

Numerous experiments on individual buildings in California and Florida show that painting roofs white reduces air conditioning load up to 50%, depending on the thermal resistance or amount of insulation under the roof. The savings, of course, are strong functions of the thermal integrity of a building and climate. In earlier work, we have estimated the national energy savings potential from ref...

The increasing availability in multiple data sources acquired by different sensor platforms has provided the great advantages for desired result achievement. This paper proposes the use of both mobile laser scanning (MLS) data and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images for 3D model reconstruction. Due to no available exterior orientation parameters for UAV images, the first task is to georeferenc...

A strategy for building extraction and building reconstruction from dense LIDAR data is presented. Roofs are modeled as plane surfaces, connected along ridges and bordered by the eaves lines. Initial segmentation of terrain and non-terrain features is performed on grid data; after segmentation by region growing and region topology, classification is achieved based on a hierarchical set of aggre...

In the recent years, 3D city reconstruction is one of the active researches in the field of photogrammetry. The goal of this work is to improve and extend surface growing based segmentation in the X-Y-Z image in the form of 3D structured data with combination of spectral information of RGB and grayscale image to extract building roofs, streets and vegetation. In order to process 3D point clouds...