BACKGROUND With the increasing number of non palpable breast carcinomas, the need of a good and reliable localization method increases. Currently the wire guided localization (WGL) is the standard of care in most countries. Radio guided occult lesion localization (ROLL) is a new technique that may improve the oncological outcome, cost effectiveness, patient comfort and cosmetic outcome. However...

In this paper, we report effectiveness of microstructured scattering layer and their efficient light trapping mechanism for performance improvement of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Our simple roll-to-roll processed polymeric scattering layer is an intrinsic and economical way to harvest more light in the photoactive layer of PSC's. An inverted polymer solar cell with microstructured scattering la...

While the effects of legal and institutional arrangements on political participation are well documented, little attention has been given to the potential participatory effects of one of the United States’ most important electoral laws: constitutionally mandated reapportionment. By severing the ties between constituents and their incumbents, we argue, redistricting raises information costs, lea...

It has been shown that when subjects can predict object properties [e.g., weight or center of mass (CM)], fingertip forces are appropriately scaled before the object is lifted, i.e., before somatosensory feedback can be processed. However, it is not known whether subjects, in addition to these anticipatory force mechanisms, exploit the ability to choose where digits can be placed to facilitate ...

Abstract The formation mechanism of the line segregation in twin-roll casting (TRC) 3003 aluminium alloy was investigated. Results revealed that segregations exhibited as-cast microstructures TRC strips, depending on different electromagnetic parameters, position appeared at center, lower, upper layers strips. took place during solidification, alloying elements were pushed towards and gathered ...

background: topical anesthesia has been widely advocated as an important component of atraumatic administration of intraoral local anesthesia. the aim of this study was to use direct observation of children’s behavioral pain reactions during local anesthetic injection using cotton-roll vibration method compared with routine topical anesthesia. materials and methods: forty-eight children partici...