BACKGROUND The present study examines the injury status in women runners who are randomised to receive a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. METHODS 81 female runners were categorised into three different foot posture types (39 neutral, 30 pronated, 12 highly pronated) and randomly assigned a neutral, stability or motion control running shoe. Runners underwent baseline testing ...

A method for kinematics modeling of a six-wheel Rocker-Bogie mobile robot is described in detail. The forward kinematics is derived by using wheel Jacobian matrices in conjunction with wheel-ground contact angle estimation. The inverse kinematics is to obtain the wheel velocities and steering angles from the desired forward velocity and turning rate of the robot. Traction Control is also develo...

Rockers are applied to lower limb casts to assist walking but there is little information on their biomechanical effects. The performances of 10 commercially available rockers were compared. They were applied to a below-knee cast worn by a normal subject who was also tested walking in the cast alone. Gait analysis was used to evaluate kinematic and kinetic data. The design of rocker had no effe...

Inactivity or the under-utilization of lower limb muscles can lead to strength and functional deficits and potential injury. Traditional shoes with stability and support features can overprotect the foot and potentially contribute to the deterioration of the smaller extrinsic foot muscles. Healthy subjects (n=28) stood in an unstable MBT (Masai Barefoot Technology) shoe during their work day fo...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a shoe with an axialcontoured lateral branch would induce greater lateral roll of the forelimb hoof during the time between heel and toe lift-off at end of the stance phase (breakover). Animals-10 adult horses. PROCEDURE A gyroscopic transducer was placed on the hoof of the right forelimb and connected to a transmitter. Data on hoof angular velocity were collect...

The hypothesis of this study was that shoe hardness and footwear affect ankle coordinative strategies during the running stance period. Subjects ran at a self-selected pace under three conditions-barefoot, wearing a hard shoe, and wearing a soft shoe-while sagittal and frontal view kinematic data were collected. Dynamic systems theory tools were used to explore ankle coordinative strategies und...

OBJECTIVE To establish if the 'myth' about whether the size of a man's penis can be estimated from his shoe size has any basis, in fact. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two urologists measured the stretched penile length of 104 men in a prospective study and related this to their shoe size. RESULTS The median stretched penile length for the sampled population was 13 cm and the median UK shoe size was ...

horse shoe shaped lipoma of the upper extremity is a very rare entity. we present a case of 45 years old female who presented with painless progressive swelling over the distal forearm and tingling and numbness over the ulnar nerve territory. mri and surgical exploration showed a horse shoe shaped multilobulated lipoma encasing the distal ulna. the mass was excised in toto, and the sensory alte...

BACKGROUND To compare kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity during standing and walking for healthy subjects using an unstable test shoe (Masai Barefoot Technology, MBT) and a stable control shoe. METHODS Eight subjects volunteered for this study. During quiet standing, center of pressure excursion and muscle activity were determined. During walking, lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, a...

Dimensional synthesis of crank-rocker mechanisms applied to provide some desired values stroke and time ratio, is utmost importance for designing an efficient mechanism. In the manufacturing mechanisms, designers are further challenged by other design criteria, such as quality motion. this study, a novel approach based on genetic programming (GP) proposed dimensional planar with optimum transmi...