For grain sizes finer than coarse sand, the first flow-transverse bedforms to develop are current ripples. Although numerous studies have analysed different aspects of bedform morphodynamics, to date no comprehensive physical explanation for the formation of ripples has been given. We offer such an explanation based on a virtual boundary layer concept, and present a model predicting ripple heig...

Key parts of software change are concept location and change propagation. We introduce a tool RIPPLES that supports both. It uses the Abstract System Dependence Graph (ASDG) of the program, enriched by conceptual dependencies. A case study of NCSA Mosaic demonstrates the use of the tool. Precision and recall are used to evaluate the quality of support provided by RIPPLES.

Fast ripples are EEG transients emanating from epileptic foci, but fast-ripple frequencies far exceed maximal neuronal firing rates. In this issue of Neuron, Menendez de la Prida and coworkers propose that out-of-phase firing of a subpopulation of neurons during physiological ripple activity effectively doubles the ripple frequency to produce fast ripples.

In this research paper, various performances of five different rotor pole topologies the proposed novel modular stator (MS) permanent magnet (PM) flux reversal machine were investigated. The design had concentrated, non-overlapping winding, which offered high average torque capability at a wide speed range. no-load such as coil test analysis, three-phase linkage, distribution, back-EMF, and cog...

The paper presents a super-twisting sliding mode (STSM) regulator with neural networks (NN) of direct power command (DPC) for controlling the active/reactive power of a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) using a two-level space vector pulse width modulation (2L-SVPWM). Traditional DPC strategy with proportional-integral (PI) controllers (DPC-PI) has significantly more active/reactive power r...