The study employed a Stochastic Frontier Production approach to determine the future investment strategies that can enhance the production of rice in Punjab, Pakistan. The data is collected from 200 farmers in the year of 2005 from two Tehsils of Sheikhupura district which is one of the major rice growing districts of Punjab province. The results of stochastic production function indicate that ...

The study employed a Stochastic Frontier Production approach to determine the future investment strategies that can enhance the production of rice in Punjab, Pakistan. The data is collected from 200 farmers in the year of 2005 from two Tehsils of Sheikhupura district which is one of the major rice growing districts of Punjab province. The results of stochastic production function indicate that ...

[1] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) regularly publishes guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories and methane emission (CH4) from rice paddies has been an important component of these guidelines. While there have been many estimates of global CH4 emissions from rice fields, none of them have been obtained using the IPCC guidelines. Therefore, we used the Tier 1 met...

The CH4 emissions from soil were influenced by the changeable CH4 concentrations and diffusions in soil profiles, but that have been subjected to nitrogen (N) and biochar amendment over seasonal and annual time frames. Accordingly, a two-year field experiment was conducted in southeastern China to determine the amendment effects on CH4 concentrations and diffusive effluxes as measured by a mult...

Since rice is a staple food most consumed world-wide, there have been increasing health concerns regarding exposure to arsenic through rice consumption. Several studies have reported the accumulation of arsenic in rice grains cultivated in regions with elevated levels of arsenic in groundwater or contaminated soil. Therefore the principal aim of this study was determining the amount of arsenic ...

Potassium (K) is essential for soil, plant and human nutrition. In calcareous soils, high Ca levels suppress the K uptake by crops therefore, growing in these soils often require above normal of fertilization satisfactory growth. Therefore, a long-term experiment was started soil (medium available K) replicated thrice randomized block design with rice-based cropping system nine treatments [T1- ...

objective: the usage of pesticides has increased during the recent years. one the other hand, presence of harmful pesticides residue in rice and other food has caused a great concern among the consumers. therefore, it is important to develop some pragmatic procedures to increase the food safety along with the reduction in consumption of pesticide residues. methods: a gas chromatograph with elec...

A symbol is a pattern (of physical marks, electromagnetic energy, etc.) which denotes, designates, or otherwise has meaning. The notion that intelligence requires the use and manipulation of symbols, and that humans are therefore symbol systems, has been extremely in uential in arti cial intelligence. keywords: symbol, reasoning, intelligence, representation, logic This article has two parts. W...

Rice false smut caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens is becoming a destructive disease throughout major rice-growing countries. Information about its genetic diversity and population structure is essential for rice breeding and efficient control of the disease. This study compared the genome sequences of two U. virens isolates. Three SNP-rich genomic regions were identified as mo...

Most paddy rice fields in East Asia are small parcels, and the weather conditions during the growing season are usually cloudy. FORMOSAT-2 multi-spectral images have an 8-meter resolution and one-day recurrence, ideal for mapping paddy rice fields in East Asia. To map rice fields, this study first determined the transplanting and the most active tillering stages of paddy rice and then used mult...