OBJECTIVE To analyze how the tobacco industry influenced tobacco control policymaking in Costa Rica. MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of tobacco industry documents, tobacco control legislation, newspaper articles, and interviewing of key informants. RESULTS During the mid-to-late 1980s, Health Ministry issued several advanced (for their time) smoking restriction decrees causing British American...

In this paper we describe the pipeline design and enhanced hardware for fast message handling in a RICA-1 processor, a processing element (PE) in the RWC-1 multiprocessor. The RWC-1 is based on the reduced inter-processor communication architecture (RICA), in which communications are combined with computation in the processor pipeline. The pipeline is enhanced with hardware mechanisms to suppor...

OBJECTIVE To aggregate data across institutions to identify, characterize, and differentiate potential survivors from nonsurvivors based on etiology of event. AIM To evaluate the association of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) duration and probability of survival (Ps), stratified by etiology of arrest. BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrests occur in 2-6% of pediatric patients with po...

— New synonymy is proposed as follows: Pityokteines Fuchs { = Orthotomides Wood), Araptus foveifrons (Schedl) { = interjectus Wood), n. comb., Cryptocarenus seriatus Eggers { = bolivianus Eggers), Hylastes gracilis LeConte {=asper Swaine), Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins {=aceris Hopkins), Scolytodes maurus (Blandford) {=Hexacolus ellipticus Eggers), Scolytus hermosus Wood {=sylvaticus Bright), ...

OBJECTIVE The relationship of education, psychiatric diagnoses, and use of psychotropic medication has been explored in the United States, but little is known about this relationship in poorer countries, despite the high burden of mental illness in these countries. This study estimated educational gradients in diagnosis and psychotropic drug use in the United States and Costa Rica, a middle-inc...

DNA sequencing brings another dimension to exploration of biodiversity, and large-scale mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I barcoding has exposed many potential new cryptic species. Here, we add complete nuclear genome sequencing to DNA barcoding, ecological distribution, natural history, and subtleties of adult color pattern and size to show that a widespread neotropical skipper butterfly k...

Costa Rica has been successful in attracting high-tech foreign direct investment (FDI). An aggressive FDI-assisted development strategy was pursued by the country in the 1980s as a response to the economic crisis; yet there are serious concerns about the effectiveness of such strategy from a development point of view. In this paper, we focus on the effects of the FDI-assisted development strate...

The species of the Neotropical genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 are revised. We present a key to the known larvae of Cephaloleia (8 species), a key to the 95 species known to occur in Mexico, Central America and the West Indies, and a key to the 138 species known to occur in South America. All identification keys were translated to Spanish. Descriptions for the 214 known species of Cephaloleia...

Wild crop relatives are an important source of genetic diversity for crop improvement. Diversity estimates are generally lacking for many wild crop relatives. The objective of the present study was to analyze how genetic diversity is distributed within and among populations of the wild rice species Oryza glumaepatula in Costa Rica. We also evaluated the likelihood of gene flow between wild and ...

UNLABELLED PAHO establishes guidelines that must be met by drug information centers (DIC) and the drug information services (DIS). OBJECTIVE To describe the operations, activities, and resources of the DICs and the DISs affiliated with public institutions of Costa Rica, and their adjustment to the provisions set forth by the PAHO. METHODS Descriptive study conducted in May 2003. The officer...