1. Nikas SN, Temekonidis TI, Zikou AK, Argyropoulou MI, Efremidis S, Drosos AA. Treatment of resistant rheumatoid arthritis by intra-articular infliximab injections: a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:102–3. 2. Scallon B, Cai A, Solowski N et al. Binding and functional comparisons of two types of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;301:418–26. 3. Mpofu S, Fatima F, Mo...

Cervical ribs are an anomaly that arise from the lowest cervical vertebrae but their relationship to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is not so constant that the two conditions should be seen as synonymous. Perhaps no more than 10% of people who have cervical ribs develop TOS and the syndrome may well occur in the absence of ribs. Diagnosis of TOS may be difficult and depends upon a thorough hist...

[1] Lim CJ, Chen JH, Chen WL, Shen YS, Huang CC. Jejunojejunum intussusception as the single initial manifestation of HenochSchönlein purpura in a teenager. Am J Emerg Med 2012 [Epub ahead of print]. [2] Watts RA, Carruthers DM, Scott DG. Epidemiology of systemic vasculitis: changing incidence or definition? Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995;25:28-34. [3] Garcia-Porrua C, Calvino MC, Liorca J, Couselo...

tender points in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) with therapeutic infrared laser ray [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:S44. 22. Rao S, Bennet R. Pharmacological therapies in fibromyalgia. Best Pract Res Rheumatol 2003;17:611–27. 23. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis Guidelines. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheu...

It is conventionally considered that because of their fiber orientations, the external intercostal muscles elevate the ribs, whereas the internal interosseous intercostals lower the ribs. The mechanical action of the intercostal muscles, however, has never been studied directly, and the electromyographic observations supporting this conventional thinking must be interpreted with caution. In the...

Conventional wisdom maintains that the diaphragm lifts the lower ribs during isolated contraction. Recent studies in dogs have shown, however, that supramaximal, tetanic stimulation of the phrenic nerves displaces the lower ribs caudally and inward. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that the action of the canine diaphragm on these ribs depends on the magnitude of muscle activation...

a seven year-old boy with several painless masses on the ribs and shoulder was referred to our hospital. the masses were so prominent that they prevented the child’s sleep. since the patient had been ridiculed by his friends due to the rib prominences, he had refused to attend school. after clinical and radiological evaluations, the masses were diagnosed as hereditary multiple exostoses of the ...

Rheum ribes is among the Polygonaceae family which is endemic in Iran and a few neighboring countries. In this investigation, antibacterial effects of root, stalk and leaves extracts of Rheum ribes on a few common clinical isolates of gram negative pathogens were studied, using the cup plate and paper disc methods. Gram negative microorganisms studied were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia...

Cervical ribs are an anomaly that arise from the lowest cervical vertebrae but their relationship to thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is not so constant that the two conditions should be seen as synonymous. Perhaps no more than 10% of people who have cervical ribs develop TOS and the syndrome may well occur in the absence of ribs. Diagnosis of TOS may be difficult and depends upon a thorough hist...