To reduce the negative impact of informal recycling on environment, we consider competition in industry to explore manufacturer's collection channel choice and optimal points-exchange level. In this paper, a closed-loop supply chain model including manufacturer an recycler (IR) is constructed. Stackelberg game theory used as theoretical guide. addition, study decision problem under profit maxim...

abstract efficiency concept has a long history in the sciences and its measurement and analysis is a vital importance for firms to achieve the best performance. hence, the aim of this paper is efficiency evaluation of mahan air compared to iata member airlines in middle east and africa. for this purpose, the indicators include available ton kilometer, revenue ton kilometer, revenue passenger ki...

The recycling of waste products is an important way to achieve global sustainable development. To analyze the impact different objects government subsidies on single-channel based propaganda, four theory game models and propaganda are established. By comparing analyzing effects strategies in models, this article mainly draws following conclusions: selecting subsidize has same effect unit price,...