A horse's legs are compressed during the stance phase, storing and then returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units. The arrangement of the muscle-tendon units around the lever-like joints means that as the leg shortens the muscle-tendon units are stretched. The forelimb anatomy means that the leg can be conceptually divided into two springs: the proximal spring, from the...

The effects of liquid fluorocarbons as bathing media were determined by use of in vitro neuromuscular preparations. Rat hemidiaphragms were bathed in either oxygenated fluorocarbon (FC) emulsion or standard oxygenated Krebs solution. Contractile force in response to simple supramaximal nerve stimuli as well as to high frequency stimulation was greater, while twitch:tetanus ratio was smaller in ...

Most agree that organized sports provide a vital source of therapeutic satisfaction for our patients. It is our responsibility to encourage these activities, while also fostering safety and reducing the risk of injury. One such risk, concussion, has always been an inherent danger — one that medical professionals, trainers and equipment designers are still striving to understand. Recent reports ...

Eventually and weakly consistent distributed systems have emerged in the past decade as an answer to scalability and availability issues associated with strong consistency semantics, such as linearizability. However, systems offering strong consistency semantics have an advantage over systems based on weaker consistency models, as they are typically much simpler to reason about and are more int...

An investigation of predictors of returning to work in a sample of physically injured persons who are receiving workers' compensation benefits and vocational rehabilitation is presented. One hundred fourteen injured subjects (86 with back injury; 28, other injury) undergoing vocational rehabilitation and receiving workers' compensation benefits were assessed on demographic, emotional, cognitive...