Neuropeptide Y (NPY) coexists with vasopressin or oxytocin in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract. Using quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, we have studied the effects of adrenalectomy and chronic osmotic stimulation, either alone or in combination, on NPY mRNA expression and NPY immunoreactivity in magnocellular neurons of th...

UNLABELLED We describe a young male patient with longstanding hypertension, who was diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism and treated by an attempted retroperitoneoscopic total unilateral adrenalectomy for a left-sided presumed aldosterone-secreting adenoma. Imaging had shown an unremarkable focal adrenal lesion with normal contralateral adrenal morphology, and histology of the resected spe...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our objective was to introduce our experience using modified retroperitoneoscopic port positions for operations of the upper urinary tract. METHODS We designed different trocar positions or incisions according to different surgical procedures and specimen sizes. A total of 116 patients, comprising patients with common adrenal, kidney, and ureter diseases, underwent r...

nimodipine, an l-type calcium channel blocker, can induce analgesia. however, it is not clear that this analgesic effect is at the level of spinal or supraspinal pain pathway. in addition, it has been reported that the analgesic effect of nifedipine, another l-type calcium channel blocker is related to the hpa axis, but there is no report indicating the role of this axis in the analgesic effect...

INTRODUCTION Approximately 35% of cases of Conn's syndrome (primary aldosteronism) result from a solitary functioning adrenal adenoma, and these patients are best managed by adrenalectomy. Postoperative hypoaldosteronism after unilateral adrenalectomy is uncommon. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case and literature review of hypoaldosteronism after unilateral adrenalectomy for Conn's syndrome,...

INTRODUCTION Large stones in renal pelvis can be treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or pyelolithotomy (either by open or laparoscopic techniques). PCNL is difficult in undilated system. For pyelolithotomy, laparoscopy is more preferable over the open surgery. Surgeons are more familiar with the tansperitoneoscopic anatomy than retroperitoneoscopic one, but retroperitoneoscopic app...

BACKGROUND The hand-assisted technique enables the rapid extraction of the graft, shortening the warm ischemia time (WIT), and the retroperitoneoscopic approach is potentially associated with a less incidence of postoperative ileus in donor nephrectomy for living kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy with a ...