Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial drug used extensively in treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Retinal toxicity is the most important side effects of this drug. Even after the drug is discontinued, retinal degeneration from HCQ can continue to progress. Consequently, multiple ophthalmic screening tests have been developed to detect early retinopathy. The aim...

Abstract The common fern, bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), is well known for its toxic effects on livestock due principally to the carcinogenic constituent ptaquiloside ( 1), although other toxins are present including cyanogenic glycoside, prunasin 2). Here, we report an improved and relatively “green” process isolation of 1 2 from fresh fronds evaluation cytotoxicity against several cancer cell...

PURPOSE Pathologic angiogenesis in the retina leads to the catastrophic loss of vision. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vasoproliferative retinopathy, is a leading cause of blindness in children. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of decursin on retinal neovascularization. METHODS Anti-angiogenic activity of decursin was evaluated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced proli...

BACKGROUND Methanol toxicity poses a significant public health problem in developing countries, and in Southeast Asia, where the most common source of poisoning is via adulterated liquor in local drinks. Methanol toxicity can have devastating visual consequences and retinal specialists should be aware of the features of this toxic optic neuropathy. The authors report a case of severe systemic m...

Retinal detachment surgery has been considered an inpatient hospital procedure requiring preoperative and postoperative hospitalization. In this pilot study, outpatient retinal detachment surgery was performed on sixteen patients and the results (100% success rate after an average follow-up of 8.3 months) were comparable or better than reported overall success rates for retinal detachment ...

Current immunotherapy of posterior uveitis is non-specific and limited by drug toxicity and unpredictable relapses on therapy. Alternative modes of therapy being investigated using the rat model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) have included the induction of tolerance with oral administration of milligram quantities of retinal antigens. In this preliminary report we demonstrate th...

PURPOSE To test whether eliprodil (SL 82.0715), a unique antagonist for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, is protective in the glutamate-induced cytotoxicity model in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS Two to four days after a fluorescent dye, Di-I, was injected near the superior colliculi, neonatal rats were killed, and retinal cells were dissociated and cultured. Su...

PURPOSE To evaluate the retinal toxicity of intravitreal bevacizumab in an animal model. DESIGN Animal study. METHODS Bevacizumab was injected into the vitreous of one eye of each of eight Dutch-belted rabbits; the other eye served as a control. Four rabbits received a dose of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of bevacizumab intravitreally into one eye, and the other four rabbits were injected with 2.5 mg/0....

Objective: To study the frequency of retinal toxicity and associated risk factors in a cohort of patients treated with antimalarials and seen at a tertiary level hospital. Material and methods: Retrospective study of 40 patients treated with antimalarials, who were referred to ophthalmology for the study of retinal toxicity during 2011. Data collection included type of antimalarial prescribed, ...