The advent of gene editing has introduced the ability to make changes to the genome of cells, thus allowing for correction of genetic mutations in patients with monogenic diseases. Retinal diseases are particularly suitable for the application of this new technology because many retinal diseases, such as Stargardt disease, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), are mon...

1Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan 2Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu 501-1196, Japan 3Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan 4Department of Ophthal...

Retinal vessels are the only blood vessels that can be viewed directly, in vivo, repetitively and non-invasively. Retinal vessel caliber is influenced by physiological (age, sex, race, blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index) and pathological (atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, smoking) determinants. There are studies on large population groups that demonstrate the associations between retin...

In this work the possible influences of some retinal eye problems on paintings of several famous artists are considered. The change of painting styles and artistic expression in different periods and ages in a group of world-wide well-known painters are described and correlated with known or suspected retinal diseases. Some of them largely became recognizable because of that. Contemplations are...

Gene therapy has a growing research potential particularly in the field of ophthalmic and retinal diseases owing to three main characteristics of the eye; accessibility in terms of injections and surgical interventions, its immune-privileged status facilitating the accommodation to the antigenicity of a viral vector, and tight blood-ocular barriers which save other organs from unwanted contamin...

For many decades, we have relied on immortalised retinal cell lines, histology of enucleated human eyes, animal models, clinical observation, genetic studies and human clinical trials to learn more about the pathogenesis of retinal diseases and explore treatment options. The recent availability of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) for deriving retinal lineages has added a p...

As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiological processes and abnormalities related to pathologies that affect the brain. Amyloidosis due to the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) was initially regarded as a specific and exclusive characteristic of neurodegenerative alterations seen in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. More recently, it was discov...

Retinal blood vessels are affected by a variety of eye diseases, including hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and diabetic (DR). A person with HR needs to be sure check their eyes regularly, which requires the use computer vision methods analyze images back help ophthalmologists automatically. Automated diagnostic systems useful for diagnosing different retinal diseases patients who need establish a...

BACKGROUND/AIM Vasculitis is a clinical, pathologic process characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessel occuring anywhere in the body. The aim of the study was to present some clinical and immunologic features of retinal vasculitis in systemic diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, Behcet's diseases, and others. METHODS A total of 1 254 peatien...

Pathogenetic mechanisms of retinal degeneration include cell loss by apoptosis. This gene-regulated mode of single-cell death occurs in a number of widespread human diseases such as neurodegeneration. The knowledge of genes and signaling in retinal apoptosis is expanding and opens up therapeutic strategies to ameliorate blinding retinal diseases.