Supermarkets and hypermarkets already dominate the markets of some larger cities, and their continued expansion from major cities into smaller cities is expected to further drive competition in the grocery retail sector. Of the various retail channels, hypermarkets are expected to have the most growth potential in the Chinese market and are benefitting from consumer trends toward convenience an...

This paper investigates the implications for international markets of the existence of retailers/wholesalers with market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail market concentration. Due to this concentration retail prices may be higher and welfare may be lower in free trade than in autarky, thus reversing the standard e¤e...

A common problem for many companies, like retail stores, it is to find sets of products that are sold together. The only source of information available is the history of sales transactional data. Common techniques of market basket analysis fail when processing huge amounts of scattered data, finding meaningless relationships. We developed a novel approach for market basket analysis based on gr...

We develop a general-equilibrium model to capture key features of the retailing and of the manufacturing industry in order to understand how these two industries interact and how labor is allocated between them. We show that the observed shift in employment from manufacturing to retailing, the rise in retailer product assortment and the emergence of slotting allowances in many retail markets ar...

We welcome the opportunity to respond to Harrison’s Letter to the Editor regarding our GHSP article “Women's Limited Choice and Availability of Modern Contraception at Retail Outlets and PublicSector Facilities in Luanda, Angola, 2012–2015.” There is little recent market data available for Angola, and this article was an effort to share what we had learned about product availability in retail o...

Previous experimental and game-theoretic analyses of deregulated electricity markets suggest that communities having four or less effective suppliers, either because of transmission constraints or load characteristics, or retail customers facing suppliers or marketing agents having more than seventy percent of the region’s market, are likely to experience prices well above competitive levels. W...

I study U.S. gasoline prices following Hurricane Rita to show that short-lived geographical differences in the severity of wholesale gasoline price spikes are associated with long-lasting geographical differences in retail prices. In most U.S. cities, wholesale prices spiked significantly for roughly two weeks following the hurricane. However, in cities where this spike was particularly large, ...

Store brands are thought to improve a retailer’s position relative to leading brand manufacturers and to reduce retail prices. Steiner (2004) offers a characterization of typical industry structures by considering the relationship between interbrand and intrabrand elasticities. We estimate a model of demand and use elasticity estimates to characterize Boston’s fluid milk market as falling into ...

This paper investigates the implications for international markets of the existence of retailers/wholesalers with market power. Two main results are shown. First, in the presence of buyer power trade liberalization may lead to retail market concentration. Due to this concentration retail prices may be higher and welfare may be lower in free trade than in autarky, thus reversing the standard e¤e...

This paper offers a new theory of destructive competition. We compare minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) to retail market clearing in a model with a monopolistic manufacturer selling to competitive retailers. In both the RPM and Flexible-Pricing Games, retailers must order inventories before the realization of demand uncertainty. We find that manufacturer profits and equilibrium inventories...