background: hepatitis c is a disease with significant global impact. the distribution of hepatitis c virus (hcv) genotypes in mashhad (the northeast and the biggest city after the capital of iran) is unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hcv genotypes among hcv seropositive patients, and to study the relationship between types, virologic and demographic features ...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an etiological agent of acute and chronic liver disease existing throughout the world. The high genetic variability of HBV genome is reflected by eight genotypes (A to H), and each genotype has characteristic geographical distribution, which is important epidemiologically. Previous studies from the province of Sindh, Pakistan, have reported that genotypes A...

Rice is the most important staple cereal human nutrition and consumed by 75% of global population. plants need a supply essential nutrients for their optimal growth. production has increased tremendously in Malaysia insensitive irrigation use inorganic fertilizers pesticides. However, effect using resulted contamination ground water decreased productivity soil, which turn affected rice long ter...

In order to produce doubled haploid lines of bread wheat resistant to strip or yellow rust, three F1 wheat hybrids were crossed using pollens of three maize hybrids. Out of 1071 pollinated florets, success in seed set ranged from 63.1% to 93.3% (mean 78%). Differences in seed set among the crosses were not significant. Embryo formation in the seeds developed on different crosses also varied fro...

Stability for yield and seed quality across environments are desirable traits varieties used the support of livestock, such specific common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) peas (Pisum sativum highly demanded from farmers. The objective this study was to investigate stability performance attributes on six genotypes five pea genotypes. genotypes’ were based characteristics under low-input vs. conventiona...

background: one of the limitations in the treatment of common diseases such as cancer chemotherapy is development of multidrug re sistance (mdr). polymorphisms could alter the expression level of mdr1 gene, which plays an important role in mdr. in this research, the frequency of c3435t, c1236t, and g2677t/a polymorphisms of mdr1 gene was investigated in a large group of population from hamadan ...

BACKGROUND Recently another member of the paraoxonase gene family designated paraoxonase-2 has been identified. Paraoxonase-2 has antioxidant properties similar to paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3. However, in contrast to paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3, paraoxonase-2 is not associated with high-density lipoprotein and may only exert its antioxidant function at the cellular level. METHODS We a...

The limited germplasm resources of hulless barley restrict the breeding with improved traits. Mutation techniques are an effective tool for generating variation plant studies. This study aimed to evaluate impact gamma-ray at different doses on certain seedling properties M1 plants two genotypes, as well determine dose (ED50). seeds two-row cv. Yalin and line YAA7050-14, were irradiated 100, 150...