Different forms of antagonism are classified in terms of response types and are related to the sufficient-cause framework. These forms of antagonism include ‘‘synergy under recoding of an exposure,’’ ‘‘synergism under recoding of the outcome,’’ and so-called ‘‘competing response types,’’ with synergism itself conceived of as causal co-action within the sufficient-cause framework. In this paper,...

Cellular functions and responses to stimuli are controlled by complex regulatory networks that comprise a large diversity of molecular components and their interactions. However, achieving an intuitive understanding of the dynamical properties and responses to stimuli of these networks is hampered by their large scale and complexity. To address this issue, analyses of regulatory networks often ...

The previous paper outlined a conceptual and mathematical framework for synergism analysis of kinetic models. Though the formalism presented there is adequate for studying simple models, the analysis of large-scale models bene®ts from the more e€ective formulation achieved in this work. The present formulation is based on simple tensor operations and takes advantage of the analogy between the f...

production of several yeast products occur in presence of mixtures of monosaccharides. to study effect of xylose and glucose mixtures with system aeration and nitrogen source as the other two operative variables on xylitol production by pichia guilliermondii, the present work was defined. artificial neural network (ann) strategy was used to athematically show interplay between these three contr...

The combination of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg, a main constituent of tea catechins) with penicillin showed synergism against 21 clinical isolates of penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Besides binding directly to peptidoglycan, the inhibition of penicillinase activity by EGCg is responsible for the synergism. EGCg inhibited the penicillinase activity in a dose-dependent fashion, ...

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods for antibacterial photocatalytic applications with the addition of 1%, 4% nickel (Ni), reduced graphene (rGO). The structural morphological properties obtained XRD, TEM FESEM techniques. showed typical crystallographic planes to cubic phase particles inferior diameter 30 nm. Ni-Co3O4 + rGO nanocrys...