Studies of sex allocation offer excellent opportunities for examining the constraints and limits on adaptation. A major topic of debate within this field concerns the extent to which the ability of individuals to adaptively manipulate their offspring sex ratio is determined by constraints such as the method of sex determination. We address this problem by comparing the extent of sex-ratio adjus...

objective(s):cefixime (cfx), is a semi-synthetic third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic that is prescribed for the treatment of susceptible infections. there are some procedures for the determination of cfx in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. herein a spectrofluorimetric method was proposed for cfx determination based on the fluorescence quenching of terbium-danofloxa...

MHC class Ia-restricted CD8(+) T cells are important mediators of the adaptive immune response against infections caused by intracellular microorganisms. Whereas antigen-specific effector CD8(+) T cells can clear infection caused by intracellular pathogens, in some circumstances, the immune response is suboptimal and the microorganisms survive, causing host death or chronic infection. Here, we ...

A simple, precise, rapid and low-cost potentiometric method for diclofenac determination in pharmaceuticals is proposed. A new diclofenac-sensitive electrode was constructed by incorporating the diclofenac ion pair complex with butyl rhodamine B into graphite matrix. The electrode exhibited a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10-4 – 5 × 10-2 mol L-1, a detection limit of 3.9×1...

We found that dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) can be used as an ionophore to make a tin (II)-ionselectivemembrane electrode. The electrode exhibits a near Nernstian response for Sn2+ ions over aconcentration range from 1.0× 10-6 – 1.0× 10-2 M with a slope of 27.5 ± 0.6 mV per concentration decadein an acidic solution (pH=1). The limit of detection was 8.0× 10-7 M. It has a response time of < 20s an...

in this article electrochemical determination of captopril at the surface of the platinum coated nanoporous gold film (ptnpgf) electrode is reported using the cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. for the preparation of ptnpgf, the surface of npgf electrode was covered with cu layer using underpotential electrochemical deposition (upd).afterward, the copper layer is replaced with platinum ions vi...

a multi-walled carbon nanotube modified paste electrode (mwcn-pe) was used for determination of promethazine (pmz) in drug formulations and blood plasma by cyclic voltammetry (cv) and differential pulse voltammetry (dpv) methods. results revealed that the mwcn-pe shows an electrocatalytic activity toward the anodic oxidation of pmz by a marked enhancement in the current response in buffered sol...

2-Amino-N-benzthioazolyl benzamide (ABTB) was synthesized, characterized and used for thefabrication of a potentiometric sensor for Cu2+ metal ions. The electrode exhibits linear response to Cu(II) over a wide concentration range (4.79×10 -8 – 1.85×10 -1 M) with Nernstian slope of 30 ± 1.5 mVper decade. The electrode can be used in the pH range from 2 to 9. It has a fast response time of about1...

A PVC membrane electrode based on 1-[({[(butylsulfunyl)carbothioyl]disulfanyl} carbothioyl)sulfanyl]butane as a suitable ion carrier for determination of lanthanum(III) ion was prepared. This electrode revealedsuch a good selectivity toward La3+ ion over a wide variety of other metal ions. Some experimental parametersuch as membrane composition, nature, and amount of plasticizer, the amount of ...

The purpose of this research work was to investigate the optimum operating conditions for biodiesel production from castor oil using a microwave. The Box–Behnken design of experiment was carried out using the Design Expert 7. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the influence of the process variables (molar ratio of methanol to castor oil, catalyst concentration, reaction ti...