Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons Volume 12 Number 2 Summer 2007 34 Development of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has opened awhole newwindow on the brain. Patients with severely impaired consciousness, who were previously thought to be incapable of cognitive or sensory function, have been found, with the use of fMRI, to have stimulus-activated cortical networks, despite...

The new materials in public art installations give the birth to interactivity and participation, which in turn, introduces new challenges, not only in the creative design process, but also in how to involve the participants in this process and in evaluating the targeted experience such as such as social connectedness and inclusion. Six design cases are presented, as examples for interactive and...

In rejecting Plessy v. Ferguson’s “separate but equal” doctrine in Brown Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court created a presumption that segregation equals discrimination. However, alongside this assertion, American space has become increasingly separate. A socio-legal analysis identifies three generations spatial United States and calls for recognizing fourth generation—separate, therefo...