We give a short description of different methods used in cosmology. The focus is on major features of N -body simulations: equations, main numerical techniques, effects of resolution, and methods of halo identification.

because of large-scale dry regions, salt marsh monitoring is necessary using of remote sensing data's. the aim of this study is to monitor salt kashan using of satellite data's processing. therefore, the satellite images of lissiii sensor were used. initially, the technique of color composite images envi4.8 software was used to clearly distinguish salt. then, principal component analy...