Thirteen equations based on the mass-transfer method for determining free water evaporation were expressed in seven generalized equations. These seven equations were then compared with pan evaporation at four climatological stations in north-western Ontario, Canada. The comparisons were based on monthly evaporation. Equations were compared by calibrating them on the entire data sets as well as ...

The impact of interannual variability of precipitation and potential evaporation on the long-term mean annual evapotranspiration as well as on the interannual variability of evapotranspiration is studied using a stochastic soil moisture model within the Budyko framework. Results indicate that given the same long-term mean annual precipitation and potential evaporation, including interannual var...

Literature regarding evaporation from soil, wet plant surfaces, and sprinkler droplets was examined, normalized, and inter­ preted. Much of the evaporation literature is difficult to compare and interpret; this paper offers comparisons and discussions of various findings by others as well as by the writers. Techniques of measuring and estimating evaporation from irrigation and rainfall are disc...

Solvent loss due to evaporation in a drying drop can drive capillary flows and solute migration. The flow is controlled by the evaporation profile and the geometry of the drop. We predict the flow and solute migration near a sharp corner of the perimeter under the conditions of uniform evaporation. This extends the study of Popov and Witten [Phys. Rev. E 68, 036306 (2003)], which considered a s...

Monthly composites of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVILRR), were transformed linearly into monthly evaporation rates and compared with detailed hydrologic-model simulation results for five watersheds across the United States. Model-simulated monthly evapora...

In this work' we develop models of resistive bridging faults and study the fault coverage on ISCAS85 circuits of different test sets using resistive and zero-ohm bridges at different supply voltages. These results explain several previously observed anomalous behaviors. In order to serve as a reference, we have developed the $rst resistive bridging faylt ATPG, which attempts to detect the maxim...

Scanning resistive probe microscopy (SRPM) , a variant of SPM-based techniques, which has a semiconducting resistor at the apex of the tip and can directly observe surface charges, was newly proposed and fabricated. Working principle of detecting surface charge is that resistance changes by field-induced in a small resistive region at the apex of the tip was measured. In order that SRPM techniq...

Bipolar resistive switching properties and endurance switching behavior of the neodymium oxide (Nd₂O₃) thin films resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices for a high resistive status/low resistive status (HRS/LRS) using a low temperature supercritical carbon dioxide fluid (SCF) improvement post-treatment process were investigated. Electrical and physical properties improvement of Nd₂O₃ thi...

The resistive work of breathing against an external load during inspiration (WR(I)) was measured at the mouth, during sub-maximal exercise in healthy participants. This measure (which excludes the elastic work component) allows the relationship between resistive work and power, ventilation and exercise modality to be explored. A total of 45 adult participants with healthy lung function took par...