whistleblowing by health professionals is an infrequent and extraordinary event and need not occur if internal voices are heard. mannion and davies’ editorial on “cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations” asks the question whether whistleblowing ameliorates or exacerbates the ‘deaf effect’ prevalent in healthcare organisations. this comme...

WORK ACCOMPLISHED DURING THIS REPORTING PERIOD: During this reporting period, data obtained from the experiments designed and carried out during the previous reporting period was analyzed. These experiments covered a case study of MiamiDade County, Florida, using the simulation-based optimization framework developed during the previous two reporting periods. Conclusions drawn from this analysis...

BACKGROUND Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is fundamental to drug safety surveillance (pharmacovigilance); however, substantial under-reporting exists and is the main limitation of the system. Several factors could favour under-reporting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effect of regular visits of a Clinical Research Assistant (CRA) on the improv...

BACKGROUND A number of companies publish corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in booklets and other publicly available formats. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the nine-year (2004-2012) trend of occupational safety and health (OSH) activities as described in CSR reporting (by industry sector and company size). METHODS We investigated CSR reporting on the website in all Japa...

We analyze the consequences of illegally residing in a country on the likelihood of reporting a crime to the police and, as a consequence, on the likelihood to become victims of a crime. We use an immigration amnesty to address two issues when dealing with the legal status of immigrants: it is both endogenous as well as mostly unobserved in surveys. Right after the 1986 US Immigration Reform an...

BACKGROUND To assess the impact of safety measures, we compared reporting rates of transfusion-related reactions before and after the implementation of six measures in 1999, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2009. METHODS Reporting rates of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection (TTBI), viral infection (TTVI) and immune-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) were calculated on the bas...

BACKGROUND Networks of trials assessing several treatment options available for the same condition are increasingly considered. Randomized trial evidence may be missing because of reporting bias. We propose a test for reporting bias in trial networks. METHODS We test whether there is an excess of trials with statistically significant results across a network of trials. The observed number of ...

CONTEXT Laboratory reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been widely implemented, with limited evaluation. OBJECTIVE To examine trends in nephrologist visits and health care resource use before and after estimated GFR reporting. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Community-based cohort study (N = 1,135,968) with time-series analysis. Participants were identified from a labo...

background : following establishment of iranian adverse drug reaction (adr) monitoring  center  in  1997, adr  committees  were  established  in  all  hospitals  of mazandaran province of iran. clinical pharmacists from mazandaran university of medical sciences have been involved with these committees since 2007. the aim of this study was to compare the results of the pharmacovigilance system b...