Introduction: Pharmacovigilance (PV) plays a consequential role in the drug regulatory system and is constantly evolving multifaceted field. In process of carrying out its effective management, PV does undergo lot challenges on global pitch. well developed western globe (United States, United Kingdom, Germany) while east (e.g.: India) still stage.
 Methods: Major discrepancies include diff...

Knowledge management solutions relying on central repositories sometimes have not met expectations, since users often create knowledge ad-hoc using their individual vocabulary and using their own decentral IT infrastructure (e.g., their laptop). To improve knowledge management for such decentralized and individualized knowledge work, it is necessary to, first, provide a corresponding IT infrast...

This paper examines the implications of tax evasion for "scal competition and tax harmonization policies in an economic union. First, for symmetric countries, it proves that the equilibrium values of the tax and audit rates are less than optimal. Tax harmonization alone will also lead to a less than optimal audit rate. Second, for asymmetric countries, the paper shows that integration may turn ...

In daily life, voice qualities are often harmonized to word meanings. To investigate effects of harmonization, psychological experiments manipulating harmonization between word meanings and voice qualities were conducted using four different voices. Half the test items were presented in an (incidental) learning phase, then an auditory word-fragment completion (WFC) and auditory recognition task...

Results from clinical laboratory measurement procedures must be equivalent to enable effective use of clinical guidelines for disease diagnosis and patient management. Analytical results that are harmonized and independent of the measurement system, time, and location of testing is essential for providing adequate patient care. The key to generating harmonized results is establishing traceabili...