BACKGROUND Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection is a multisystem disease that contributes to significant morbidity. Renal involvement is reported to be common among patients with HIV. This study was carried out to determine renal involvement using simple bedside tests combined with ultrasonography examination. METHODS We recruited 240 children from the HIV clinic at Muhimbili National Hospi...

to determine microscopic structures of nephrons in caspian pony, a total number of five adult and healthy miniature ponies were provided and after opening the abdominal area, the kidneys were removed. the specimens, after fixation in 10% formalin and tissue passages were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and studied under light microscope. kidneys are covered by a dense connective tissue. each k...

BACKGROUND Echogenicity is an ultrasound measure that reflects arterial wall composition. In adult populations, lower carotid intima-media echogenicity relates to an unfavorable cardiovascular risk burden yet appears to reflect a different aspect of arterial wall remodeling than carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Since studies on carotid intima-media echogenicity earlier in life are lacking...

INTRODUCTION Thyroid hormone disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a result of impaired conversion of T4 to T3. The importance of kidneys in thyroid hormones conversion is not fully understood. The activities of different types of iodothyronine deiodinases in the kidney structures have not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of deiodina...

Background: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder which is characterised by cutaneous and internal organ fibrosis. Raynaud’s phenomenon is the earliest feature and may precede the onset of the disease by months to years. The heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and other organs may be involved. Our aim was to evaluate skin thickness and echogenicity in systemic...

The characteristic pattern of reflectivity of facial skin, as evaluated by ultrasound, has not previously been described quantitatively. The aim of this study was to evaluate site- and age-dependent variations in skin thickness and echogenicity of facial skin. A total of 40 women, in different age groups, were studied at 12 different facial skin sites. Echographic images were recorded with a 20...

Chin, So Yeon, Kailash N. Pandey, Shang-Jin Shi, Hiroyuki Kobori, Carol Moreno, and L. Gabriel Navar. Increased activity and expression of Ca21-dependent NOS in renal cortex of ANG II-infused hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Renal Physiol. 46): F797–F804, 1999.—We have previously demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a greater modulatory influence on renal cortical blood flow in ANG...