Nowadays, polluted wastewater containing heavy metals is an environmental problem that should be solved due to the high environmental impact of these wastes. In order to fullfill the “zero discharge” strategy, the recovery of the valuable compounds from these solutions is an important economical and environmental objective. One of the technologies in agreement with this strategy is the Emulsion...

Background: HIV/AIDS control are one of the most important goals of the health systems. The aim of this study was to determine how HIV/AIDS control was initiated among policy makers’ agenda setting in Iran.   Methods: A qualitative research (semi-structured interview) was conducted using Kingdon’s framework (problem, policy and politics streams, and policy windows and policy...

Ghale-madreseh is the first point that the saline and sulfurous streams flow into Tembi River, one of the well-known saline rivers in Khuzestan province, Iran. This river is one of the main sources of increasing Karun River’s salinity, which is the largest river in Iran in terms of discharge. There are three saline and sulfurous springs (Shour-1, Shour-2m and Namak Springs) as well as a drinkab...

In recent years, irrigating agricultural land with wastewater has become a major wastewater management practice. Irrigation has replaced much of the discharge to streams and conventional primary and secondary waste treatment for food processing wastewater (4, 11, 12, 13). Irrigating agricultural land for treatment and disposal of the food processing wastewater is a good practice if the wastewat...

Nickel producers have been using a number of different strategies, sometimes in combination, to reject pyrrhotite. These include raising the pH of flotation to partially suppress pyrrhotite floatability (73), introducing separate pyrrhotite rejection circuits which by and large also exploit the fact that pyrrhotite floats poorly in alkaline solutions, and using magnetic separation to remove pyr...

The presence of human pharmaceutical compounds in surface waters is an emerging issue in environmental science. In this study the occurrence and behavior of human pharmaceuticals in a variety of wastewater treatment processes is reviewed. Although some groups are not affected by sewage treatment processes others are amenable to degradation, albeit incomplete. While water purification techniques...

In recent years, air pollution has become a major worldwide concern. Air pollutants can affect metabolic activity, impede healthy development, and exhibit carcinogenic and toxic properties in humans. Over the past two decades, the use of microbes to remove pollutants from contaminated air streams has become a widely accepted and efficient alternative to the classical physical and chemical treat...

We study sliding window multi-join processing in continuous queries over data streams. Several algorithms are reported for performing continuous, incremental joins, under the assumption that all the sliding windows fit in main memory. The algorithms include multiway incremental nested loop joins (NLJs) and multi-way incremental hash joins. We also propose join ordering heuristics to minimize th...

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) are key pollutants from the point of view operators biogas plants. H2S poses corrosive hazards, while VMSs transform into difficult-to-remove deposits, reducing availability yield combustion equipment. This study provides a critical overview evaluation (so-called SWOT analysis) implemented promising methods to reduce content above in b...

The ecology of viruses has been studied only in a limited number of rivers and streams. In light of a recent re-appraisal of the global fluvial surface area, issues such as abundance and production, host mortality and the influence of suspended particles and biofilms are addressed. Viral life cycles, potential impacts of viruses on water biochemistry and carbon flow, and viral diversity are con...