paravertebral block is an appropriate method for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in hemithorax operations .effectiveness of this type of pain management have already been shown in breast surgery .its effect on controlling chest wa ll pain is clear and remarkable . in our case despite of wide extension of lesion and penetration of ulcer to the deep part of thorax after excision, the...

BACKGROUND Manipulative therapy is widely used in the treatment of spinal disorders. Manipulative techniques are under debate because of the possibility of adverse events. To date, the efficacy of manipulations compared to sham manipulations is unclear. The purpose of the study is: to assess the efficacy of manipulative therapy compared to sham in adults with a variety of complaints. STUDY DE...

background:  about 75% of the symptomatic patients who involved with endometriosis have pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. pentoxifyllin is one of the drugs that according to its mechanism could be effective for pain relief of endometriosis which has been used for endometriosis treatment recently   objective: we conducted a comparative study for detecting the effect of pentoxifylin (as an immonomode...

Background: Epidural analgesia is a central nerve block technique achieved by injection of a local anesthetic close to the nerves that transmit pain and is widely used as a form of pain relief in labor. The objective was to study the effect of epidural analgesia on cardiotocographic parameters and relief of pain, effect on course of labor and its outcome in terms of duration, any complications ...

To evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) guided single radiofrequency thermocoagualtion (RFT) in 1137 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after a follow-up period of 11 years, specially focused on duration of pain relief in different branches of trigeminal nerve, side effect, and complications. Retrospective study of patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia treated wi...

BACKGROUND Exogenous erythropoietin inhibits development of allodynia in experimental painful neuropathy because of its antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties at spinal, supraspinal, and possibly peripheral sites. The authors assess the effect of a nonhematopoietic erythropoietin analog, ARA290, on tactile and cold allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury) in rats ...

OBJECTIVE To present a review of empirical studies published from 1993 to 2004 on the efficacy of sucrose solution for relieving pain in neonates. SOURCES OF DATA Information was obtained from the MEDLINE/PsycINFO/ISI WEB of SCIENCE/LILACS and SciELO databases by searching for "sucrose", "pain", "newborn" and "neonate". SUMMARY OF DATA Sucrose solution has demonstrated efficacy in pain reli...

[Purpose] Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is a symptom of TMJ disease. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is often used in the clinical treatment of TMJ pain. The aim of this study was to review the effective parameters of LLLT for TMJ pain. [Methods] This study was a systematic review in which electronic databases were searched for the period of January 2005 to January 2010. We selected reports...

We have studied light-induced birefringence (LIB) and surface relief grating (SRG) formation in the series of methylacrylate polymers. The effect of material structure such as length of photochromic side chain, glass transition temperature and molecular structure of azo units on LIB and SRG are studied. The optical formation of self-induced SRG on films of these materials is also presented.

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructures are essential elements in various technological applications, including optical coatings, [ 1 , 2 ] tissue engineering scaffolds, [ 3 ] microfl uidics, [ 4 ] energy storage devices, [ 5 , 6 ] plasmonics, [ 7 ] and photonic crystals. [ 8 , 9 ] While conventional methods, such as photo lithography and electron beam lithography, are costly and ineffective in ...