In their paper “Design strategies to minimize the radiative efficiency of global warming molecules,” Bera et al. (1) mistakenly equate the relative magnitudes of integrated absorption within the atmospheric window (800–1,400 cm) with relative radiative efficiencies of different molecules. Radiative efficiency is defined as the change in net radiation at the tropopause caused by a given change i...

Introduction: Efficiency evaluation of universities and facultiesis one of the tools that help managers to identify the departments’strengths and weakness. The main objective of the presentresearch was to measure and compare the technical efficiency ofShiraz school of medicine departments using Data EnvelopmentAnalysis (DEA) technique.Methods: This cross-sectional and retrospective study wasper...

abstract plant species differ in their ability to grow at low available p soils in other words, plant species differ in p use efficiency at low p supply. this ability can be investigated by comparing p uptake efficiency of plants and relative effective factors. a pot experiment was carried out in the growth chamber and sugar beet, maize and groundnut were grown in a low available p soil in a co...

We report evidence from a large field experiment that compares the effectiveness of contingent and noncontingent incentives in eliciting costly effort for a large range of payment levels. The company with which we worked sent 7,250 letters asking customers to complete a survey. Some letters promised to pay amounts ranging from $1 to $30 upon compliance (contingent incentives), whereas others al...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used here to determine the relative eciency of 24 top ranked US MBA programs. Eciency scores were determined using three output sets of the MBA programs: output that measured student satisfaction, output that measured recruiter satisfaction and output that measured both. DEA is also used here to determine the relative eciency of three foreign MBA programs a...

The research is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (No.ZR2010AL018) Nan Chen and Baoguang Tian are with Mathematics and Physics College of Qingdao University of Science and Technology, China (e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], respectively). 2 2 1 2 1 ( ) ( ) X W X X W WX X W X         .It will bring some losses to the estimation when ...